STUDENT’ S ENGAGEMENT IN SCHOOL: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Students’ Engagement in School has been the focus of debate concerning academic success and school dropout, and pointed out as a mean to address the problems affecting our schools and their students, not only for having value in itself, but also for being an important mediator between several academic variables. This paper reviews the research and literature on this concept and its relations with personal and contextual variables, as well as with academic performance, with the aim of summarizing the main relationships found. Literature presents a significant number of studies which sustain that personal variables, such as self-efficacy and self-concept, as well as contextual - peers, school, family- are related with school engagement. The adoption of mastery goals, for instance, has a positive impact on school, as they are related with the use of cognitive and self-regulatory strategies by students. Positive relationships with peers, teachers support and the quality of family relations are associated with higher levels of engagement and academic performance, while negative experiences, such as bullying, are related with educational difficulties. Following this, we reflect about the relevance of studying engagement in school, in the context of widespread financial crisis, and emphasize the need to rethink educational institutions considering the paradigmatic changes that currently occur.

Portuguese Adaptation of Students Engagement in Schools International Scale (SESIS)

The importance of student’s engagement has been recently pointed out in research. However, there has been a lack of engagement assessment instrument, pertaining psychometric qualities. Objective: This paper presents the Portuguese adaptation of the “Student’s Engagement in School International Scale” (SESIS), drawn up from a12 countries international study (Lam et al., 2012; Lam et al., in press). Method: Psychometric properties of this scale were examined with data from 685 students from different grades (6th, 7th, 9th and 10th), from both sexes, and different regions of the country. Results: Factorial analysis of the results, with varimax rotation, lead to three different factors which explain 50.88% of the variance. The scale integrates the original 33 items, and cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions. For the external validity study, the relationship between student’s engagement in school results and other school variables — academic performance, self-concept — was considered, and significant relations were observed, as expected. Conclusion: The data presented highlights the qualities of SESIS, as well as its usefulness for research purposes. Suggestion: It is suggested the investigation of the extension of SESIS’s three-dimensionality, in future studiesKeywords: Innovation, technology, research projects, etc. [Arial 10-point, justified alignment].

Portuguese Adaptation of Students Engagement in Schools International Scale (Sesis)

The importance of student’s engagement has been recently pointed out in research. However, there has been a lack of engagement assessment instruments, showing psychometric qualities, such as reliability and validity. Objective: This paper presents the Portuguese adaptation of the “Student’s Engagement in Schools International Scale” (SESIS), drawn up from 12 countries international study (Lam et al., 2012; Lam et al., in press). Method: Psychometric properties of this scale were examined using data from 685 students, of both sexes, and from different grades (6th, 7th, 9th and 10th), and regions of the country. Results: Factorial analysis of the results, with varimax rotation, conducted to three different factors which explain 62,19% of the variance. The scale integrates the original 33 items, and cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions. For the external validity study, the relationship between student’s engagement in school results and other school variables — academic performance, school conduct — was considered, and significant relations were observed, as expected. Conclusion: The data presented highlights the qualities of SESIS, as well as its usefulness for research purpose. Suggestion: It is suggested the investigation of the extension of SESIS’s three-dimensionality, in future studies

O potencial de produção e comercialização de uvas "D. Maria" em Portugal

A produção de uva de mesa “Dona Maria”, casta 100% nacional criada e obtida nos anos 50 na antiga Estação Agronómica Nacional, em Oeiras, pelo engenheiro-agrónomo Leão Ferreira de Almeida, vem decrescendo ano após ano como resultado do desinteresse e abandono por parte dos agricultores. É uma uva muito doce, com bagos grandes e apreciada pelos portugueses que sentem cada vez mais dificuldades em encontrá-la no mercado. Este estudo de caso tem como objetivos verificar o porquê de tão pouca produção desta uva por parte dos agricultores e sugerir através de ferramentas e estratégias de marketing formas de fazer com que a uva seja mais conhecida e consumida pelo mercado português. No intuito de valorizar e consumir o que é nacional, a uva “Dona Maria” é uma excelente opção para o consumo em fresco ou na forma de passa, em cantinas de escolas e universidades. Os investimentos em novas tecnologias de produção e investigação por parte dos produtores também são uma boa opção para rentabilizar a casta e fazer com que ela não desapareça do mercado, o que seria desastroso na perspectiva cultural e económica; ### Abstract: The production of the table grape “Dona Maria”, a 100% national Portuguese grape variety, created and produced in the 1950s in the former National Agricultural Station (EAN) in Oeiras, Portugal, by Leão Ferreira de Almeida, has been decreasing year after year as a result of lack of interest and abandonment on behalf of producers. It is a very sweet grape with big berries and is highly appreciated by the Portuguese, who find it ever more difficult to find it in the marketplace. This case study´s objectives were to investigate the shortage of production by growers, and to suggest through marketing strategies and tools, ways to make this grape better known and more consumed by the Portuguese market. Within the scope of highlighting and promoting this national product, “Dona Maria” grape is an excellent option either as a fresh consumable or raisin in school and university restaurants. Investment in new production technologies and research are also a good choice and direction to promote the variety and avoid its disappearance from the market, which would be disastrous both culturally and economically.

Escola, democracia e participação: o caso do agrupamento de escolas de Fronteira

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar sobre a participação e a democracia na escola, com base num estudo de caso. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Por meio de entrevista com o diretor e con-tatos com outros participantes na atividade da escola, procurou-se apreender como a democracia é entendida, quais as relações que os docentes estabelecem no interior da escola e como entendem o seu espaço de participação. Também procurámos, através da análise dos dados e da sua interpretação, reconhecer elementos significativos nos documentos que regem a vida da escola, nomeadamente o Regula-mento Interno. As reflexões finais desta pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de ampliação dos conceitos de democracia e participação e para a necessidade de formação docente voltada para as práticas participativas e democráticas e sua concretização no quotidiano escolar; ABSTRACT: The goal of this study is to investigate about participation and democracy at school, based on a study case. It is a qualitative re-search. Through interviews with the principal and contacts other par-ticipants in school action, we tried to realize how democracy is under-stood by them, which connections the teachers have inside school and how they see their space of participation. Also we tried, by the inter-pretative analysis of the data, recognize significant elements inside school documents, like Internal Rules. The final considerations of this research point to the necessity of an enlargement of the concepts of democracy and participation, and it is necessary that teachers reflect more deeply upon their participation and democratic practices and how these practices happen in school day by day.

O envolvimento da família na escola e no sucesso educativo das crianças: o caso dos 3º e 4º anos de escolaridade do agrupamento vertical de Colos (2004/2005)

Este trabalho pretende analisar a relação entre o envolvimento da família e o sucesso educativo das crianças. A hipótese principal foi construída para testar as teorias de Ana Henderson (1987), Davies (1989) e Epstein (2002). A primeira parte deste trabalho é constituída pelo enquadramento teórico, onde se abordam a problemática da relação escola/família, da participação e do sucesso e insucesso dos alunos. A segunda parte é constituída pela metodologia, análise e interpretação dos dados e análise e discussão dos resultados, onde estão incluídas as conclusões e as sugestões. O estudo foi feito nas escolas do 1° Ciclo do Agrupamento Vertical de Colos, relativamente aos alunos do 3° e 4° ano, no ano lectivo de 2004/2005. A amostra foi constituída por 67 pais e a recolha de informação foi feita através de um questionário. O tratamento de dados foi feito de forma estatística utilizando o SPSS, Os resultados do presente estudo levam-nos a concluir que os pais têm uma fraca participação na escola e que o sucesso educativo dos alunos não depende da participação dos pais na sua vida académica, não se confirmando a hipótese formulada para dar resposta à pergunta inicial. Concluímos ainda que, quanto maior é a distância entre a casa dos alunos e a escola frequentada, melhores resultados e menos retenções estes exibem ao longo do seu percurso escolar. /ABSTRACT - This work intends to analyse the relation between the role of the family and the educational success of children. The main assumption was built to test the theories of Ana Anderson (1987), Davies (1989) and Epstein (2002). The first part of the essay includes the theoretical framing where the subject of the relation school/family is approached. The second part contains the methodology, analysis and interpretation of data and the analysis and discussion of the results, which includes the conclusions and the suggestions. This survey was made in the Primary Schools of “Agrupamento Vertical de Colos”, among students of the third and fourth grades in the school year of 2004/2005. The sample was made of sixty-seven parents and the data was gathered by a questionnaire. The treatment of this data was made statistically by using SPSS. The results of this survey take us to the conclusion that parents have a low participation in school and that the educative success of students does not depend on their parents’ participation in their academic life. So, the hypothesis formulated to answer the initial question is not confirmed. We can also conclude that, the longer the distance between the students' home and the school they attend, the better the results and fewer times they fail in their school life.