Increased physical activity and fitness above the 50th percentile prevents the institutionalization of elderly people: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Introduction Institutionalization in a nursing home restricts autonomy, most notably free will, free choice, and free action. Decreased physical activity and fitness are predictive of disability and dependence (Rikli & Jones, 2013; Tak, Kuiper, Chorus, & Hopman-Rock, 2014); however little is known about the impact of these factors on institutionalization. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the impact of physical activity and fitness and on the risk of elderly people without cognitive impairment become institutionalized. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 195 non-institutionalized (80.14.4yrs) and 186 institutionalized (83.85.2yrs) participants. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and measures of physical fitness were determined by the Senior Fitness Test. Results: Multivariate binary logistic analysis selected 4 main predictors of institutionalization in both genders. The likelihood of becoming institutionalized increased by +18.6% for each additional year of age, while it decreased by -24.8% by each fewer kg/m2 in BMI, by -0.9% for each additional meter performed in the aerobic endurance test and by -2.0% for each additional 100MET-min/wk of physical activity expenditure (p<0.05). Values ≤50th percentile (age ≥81yrs, BMI≥26.7kg/m2, aerobic endurance ≤367.6m, and physical activity ≤693MET-min/wk) were computed using Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis as cut-offs discriminating institutionalized from non-institutionalized elderly people. Conclusion The performance of physical activity, allied to an improvement in physical fitness (mainly BMI and aerobic endurance) may prevent the institutionalization of elderly people without cognitive impairment only if they are above the 50th percentile; the following is highly recommend: expending ≥693MET-min/wk on physical activity, being ≤26.7kg/m2 on BMI, and being able to walk ≥367.6m in the aerobic endurance test, especially above the age of 80 years. The discovery of this trigger justifies the development of physical activity programs targeting the pointed cut-offs in old, and very old people. References Rikli, R., & Jones, C. (2013). Development and validation of criterion-referenced clinically relevant fitness standards for maintaining physical independence in later years. Gerontologist, 53, 255-267. Tak, E., Kuiper, R., Chorus, A., & Hopman-Rock, M. (2014). Prevention of onset and progression of basic ADL disability by physical activity in community dwelling older adults: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev, 12, 329-338.

A aprendizagem no quotidiano dos indivíduos seniores: o contributo do meio e das instituições

Esta investigação assumiu, como objetivo, a identificação e caraterização das aprendizagens presentes no quotidiano dos indivíduos idosos, residentes em meio rural e urbano e em condições de institucionalização ou não. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, onde foi aplicado um inquérito por entrevista a uma amostra de 16 indivíduos. A entrevista tinha questões relativas à caracterização dos indivíduos, às atividades que os mesmos desenvolviam e às aprendizagens concretizadas nessas atividades. Os dados foram tratados através da análise de conteúdo. O presente estudo foi realizado na região Alentejo, sendo os concelhos de Évora e Mourão os selecionados, para realização da mesma. Este estudo mostrou que existiam algumas diferenças decorrentes dos contextos de vida dos indivíduos, nomeadamente, no que respeita às instituições de meio urbano vs meio rural, uma vez que os indivíduos institucionalizados no meio urbano encontram mais oportunidades de aprendizagens nas atividades que lhe são propostas; "The Learning daily lives of senior individuals : the contribution of the institutions and the environment " Abstract: This reseach assumed as a main goal identify and characterize the learnings on the seniors nowadays who live on the rural and urban middle and in institutionalized conditions or not. Was based on an exploratory study of a qualitative nature, applied on a survey per interview with a 16 individual as a sample. On the interview were questions related with the seniors characterization, with their developed activities na with guarantees of learnings on those activities. The data were treated according the contente analysis. This study was conducted in the region of Alentejo, and the municipalities of Évora and Mourão. The research shows several differences between the contexts used. Those differences stand on the rural and urban institutions, because urban institutionalized seniors find more learning opportunities on proposed activities than rural institutionalized seniors.

Influência do nível de actividade física e da institucionalização na qualidade de vida dos idosos do concelho de Évora

Objectivo: Caracterizar a qualidade de vida dos idosos do concelho de Évora, avaliando a influência da institucionalização e do nível de actividade física na mesma. Métodos: Foram analisados 196 idosos institucionalizados em lar da rede pública e 189 idosos não institucionalizados pertencentes a associações de reformados do concelho. A recolha dos dados foi efectuada utilizando o questionário de qualidade de vida da OMS- WHOQOL-BREF e o questionário de avaliação do nível de actividade física-IPAQ. Resultados: Os idosos do concelho de Évora têm uma avaliação positiva da qualidade de vida, apresentando os idosos não institucionalizados melhores resultados no domínio físico, psicológico e do ambiente. Verificou-se ainda que os idosos mais activos apresentam melhores resultados no domínio físico e psicológico da qualidade de vida, assim como uma melhor percepção da qualidade de vida global. Conclusão: A principal conclusão deste estudo revela que, embora a institucionalização contribua negativamente para a qualidade de vida dos idosos, esta poderia ser compensada pela prática regular de actividade física e pela implementação de actividades organizadas que promovam a actividade física dos idosos institucionalizados. ABSTRATC; Objective: Characterize the quality of life of elderly in the district of Évora, by assessing the influence of institutionalization and the level of physical activity in it. Methods: We analyzed 196 elderly institutionalized in a public home, and 189 non-institutionalized elderly that belong to associations of pensioners of the county. The collection of data was conducted using the questionnaire of quality of life of the WHO-WHOQOL-BREF, and the questionnaire for assessing the level of physical activity-IPAQ. Results: The elderly in the district of Évora have a positive assessment of the quality of life where the non-institutionalized elderly people have better results in physical, psychological and environmental domains. Additionally it was assessed that the elderly with more assets have better physical and psychological quality of life and a better perception of quality of life in overall. Conclusion: The main conclusion of this study shows that although the institutionalization contributes negatively on the quality of life of older people, these could be offset by regular practice of physical activity and implementation of activities that promote physical activity in institutionalized elderly.

A busca visual da cor, como medida avaliadora do funcionamento do sistema visual: um estudo exploratório a propósito da objetividade da felicidade em crianças

Este estudo, procura explicar a modularidade da mente humana, como um conjunto de módulos, permitindo desta forma contribuir para o estudo das ciências cognitivas. Estes módulos da arquitetura mental, permitem que a nossa mente interprete a cor resultante do sistema visual e das longitudes de ondas do espetro eletromagnético refratado dos objetos. Tendo por base o estudo do sistema visual, as células sensíveis, designadas por fotorrecetores percorrem o nervo ótico até atingir o encéfalo, localizando-se aí o sistema percetivo, permitindo desta forma realizar o estudo sobre busca visual da cor, como medida avaliadora do funcionamento do sistema visual, um estudo exploratório a propósito da objetividade da felicidade em crianças, que visa explorar a busca visual disjuntiva da cor como medida objetiva do bom funcionamento mental, do bem-estar subjetivo, como construto da felicidade. A amostra foi constituída por um grupo de 49 crianças não institucionalizadas e por um grupo de 16 crianças institucionalizadas, de ambos os sexos. Para a concretização deste estudo, foi necessária a utilização de uma tarefa de busca visual disjuntiva, que utilizou as simetrias de cores pertencentes ao mesmo par oponente e cores pertencentes a diferentes pares oponentes. Os resultados sugerem que não há qualquer interferência da institucionalização no funcionamento mental, logo no bem-estar subjetivo nas crianças; ABSTRACT: This study seeks to explain the modularity of the human mind, as a set of modules, giving this way a contribution to the study of the cognitive sciences. These modules of the mental architecture, allow our mind to interpret the resulting color of the visual system and the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum refracted from the objects. Based on the study of our visual system, sensitive cells known as photoreceptors, which run along the optic nerve to the encephalon, being the perceptive system located there, allowing in this way to carry out the study on visual search of colour, as an assessment measure of the functioning of the visual system, an exploratory study concerning the objectivity of happiness in children, which aims to explore the disjunctive visual search of color as an objective measure of good mental functioning, of subjective well-being, as a construct of happiness. The sample consisted of a group of 49 non institutionalized children and of a group of 16 institutionalized children from both sexes. For the implementation of this study it was necessary to use a disjunctive visual search task, which used the Symmetry of colours belonging to the same opponent pair, and colours belonging to different opponent pairs. The results suggest that there is no interference from the institutionalization in mental functioning, therefore in the children’s subjective well being.

"Os Conflitos ambientais em Portugal (1974-2015): uma breve retrospectiva"

In this chapter, the authors made a survey of the research undertaken by social scientists and their reflections on environmental conflicts in Portugal. In these, a critical discourse has emerged concerning, on the one hand, the weak public environmental awareness, and, on the other, the progressive obliteration of environmental movements and their institutionalization throughout the creation of different environmental groups and the incorporation of the “environment” in legislation and in political discourse. In a brief retrospective, we review several conflicts taking into account different relevant factors: level of mobilization, media attention received, organization, impact, and ideological reference they have had in Portugal since the seventies. We have particularly highlighted the movement against nuclear energy and the construction of dams, the pollution caused by intensive breeding, the expansion of eucalyptus plantations, the conflicts against “wild” forms of mining, the business of toxic waste, the expansion of the economy of the concrete, the installation of landfills, and the defense of the natural heritage. This survey has considered three periods: the 1970s, marked by the emergence and performance of ecological movements of different ideological extraction; the second half of the 1980s, marked by the institutionalization of the environment and the imposition of a new legal framework with impact on environmental policies resulting from the integration into the European Economic Community; and finally, a third period, from the 1990s to present, marked by increasing environmental media coverage, with a particular emphasis on environmental conflicts in a context of an increasing liberalization of economic activities and the expansion of extraction and of the concrete economy. This is also the period where the environment emerges in disputes over the uses of the territory as economic and asset value. Most of these conflicts arise from the activities of local agents or national environmental groups that quickly gain strong local roots and sometimes even have some success. However, their impact on the national and Community legislation seems to be less relevant.

Healthcare Computer Reasoning Addressing Chronically Ill Societies Using IoT: Deep Learning AI to the Rescue of Home-Based Healthcare

The authors present a proposal to develop intelligent assisted living environments for home based healthcare. These environments unite the chronical patient clinical history sematic representation with the ability of monitoring the living conditions and events recurring to a fully managed Semantic Web of Things (SWoT). Several levels of acquired knowledge and the case based reasoning that is possible by knowledge representation of the health-disease history and acquisition of the scientific evidence will deliver, through various voice based natural interfaces, the adequate support systems for disease auto management but prominently by activating the less differentiated caregiver for any specific need. With these capabilities at hand, home based healthcare providing becomes a viable possibility reducing the institutionalization needs. The resulting integrated healthcare framework will provide significant savings while improving the generality of health and satisfaction indicators.

Historical landmarks of decent work

Structured Abstract Purpose: this article systemizes the main historical milestones which led to the current concept of decent work and presents some implications for business. Approach: after presenting the scenario which gives a special meaning and importance to decent work, the historical landmarks are systematized until the definition of the Decent Work Agenda. Findings: Decent work is a concept that has evolved since the ILO Foundation in 1919 and had several important steps throughout its development: Philadelphia Declaration in 1944, ILO constitution update in 1946, Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, Human Development Report, first edition in 1990, World Summit for Social Development in 1995, ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work in 1998, World Economic Forum in 1999, Global Compact in 2000, United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000, ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization in 2008, Global Jobs Compact in 2009, and inclusion in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Throughout this development we can witness the refinement and operationalization of the concept, its institutionalization and its spread at political level, at least as an intention. Practical implications: the business area is a privileged forum to turn policies into practices and some examples are provided. Value: although decent work emerged in a very different social and economic scenario from the present time, it is claimed to be even more topical and relevant for the development of business and society today.

Searching for best practices to build an inclusive intervention. The international project ENABLIN+ aproach

The project ENABLIN+ is an international partnership for the period of 01/01/2014 to 31/12/2016. It's addressed to the needs of children and youth with complex and intense support needs (CISN), their caregivers and supporters. It wants to develop a system of interdisciplinary in-service training, where professionals and parents of various professional backgrounds learn together, with the aim of improving inclusion, promoting de-institutionalization and enhancing quality of life of the children with CISN, at various age levels. ENABLIN+ promotes an inclusive intervention, not only in social life, but also in education. In this context, this work aims to present and discuss the concept of “best practices” in inclusive intervention based in real world cases. To study that subject we prepare a seminar, where 12 cases of “best practices” in inclusive intervention was presented.