ABSTINENCE AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG STUDENTS: THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL, FAMILY AND SOCIO-CULTURAL SPHERES

Introduction: Among young people, regular or alcohol abuse seems to ally with individual factors, which congregate to other generators behaviors health risk, in social environment, including family and school. The consumption of alcoholic beverages in the younger age groups, according to the World Development Report goes beyond 60%. In the Portuguese case, the Alentejo is the region that recorded higher consumption among schoolchildren. Objectives: This study aims to know the personal inluences of family, of belonging to the group and the school environment, on the withdrawal and consumption habits among young people. Methods: A qualitative nature of research, using comprehensive semi-structured interviews. The study was developed in a school district of Evora, Portugal. The sample consists of ten students from the 8th school grade, ive non-consumers-ive consumers aged between 13 and 15 years old. Results: The trial takes place between 12 and 14 years old as a result of curiosity, explicit or tacit motivation, “give style”, the environment, entertainment and observing behavior. Among the effects of intake indicated as motivators consumption highlight the joy of reaching states and willingness. Family members tend to encourage moderate drinking on festive occasions. family models exaggerated consumption repudiate ingestion. The elements of the group of belonging tend to motivate explicitly, the intake among consumers students. The school promotes initiatives on the theme, punctually. Conclusions: The consumption of alcohol among young people suffer the personal, family and belonging group inluences. The initiatives in school tend to have no effect.

Contributo para a definição de um projecto de intervenção contra o excesso de peso e a obesidade infantil no Externato João Alberto Faria

Este estudo caracteriza a incidência do excesso de peso e da obesidade no Externato João Alberto Faria (Arruda dos Vinhos), procurando identificar as variáveis que os determinam e definir um projecto de intervenção na área da educação para a saúde no âmbito dos estilos de vida saudáveis e do combate ao excesso de peso e à obesidade. Dos 432 alunos que participaram no estudo, 53,7°/o eram do sexo feminino e 46,3% do sexo masculino. Os resultados relativos ao índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) dos alunos indicaram que, na população em estudo, 31,7% dos alunos apresentavam peso em excesso, dos quais 10,5% eram obesos. A prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade era superior nos alunos mais novos e nas raparigas, no entanto os rapazes eram mais obesos. Em virtude dos resultados, identificaram-se como áreas de intervenção, a melhoria dos hábitos alimentares, o aumento dos níveis de actividade física e a diminuição das catividades de lazer sedentárias dos alunos, bem como intervenções ao nível das crenças, atitudes e comportamentos dos alunos e dos pais. O projecto de intervenção apresentado tem como objectivo reduzir a prevalência do excesso de peso e obesidade infantil através da aquisição e desenvolvimento de atitudes e comportamentos que visem a promoção e adopção de hábitos e estilos de vida saudáveis. É sabido que mudar atitudes e comportamentos, nomeadamente, os que dizem respeito a mudança de estilos de vida, é um processo difícil e que leva tempo, sendo fundamental uma abordagem integrada que afecte as várias dimensões das causas do problema em que se pretende intervir. ABSTRACT; This study characterizes the incidence of overweight and obesity in Externato João Alberto Faria (Arruda dos Vinhos). lts aim was to identify the variables that causes it and to define a project of intervention in the health educational field related to healthy lifestyles and against overweight and childhood obesity. 432 students participated in the survey: 53,7% females and 46,3% males. The results as far as students Body Mass Index are concerned show that within the surveyed people 31,7% were overweight and 10,5% were obese. Overweight and obesity have more evidence in the younger students and in the girls' group, despite the fact that boys were more obese. Such results lead to the intervention in certain areas: improving eating habits, increasing physical activity, diminishing sedentary hobbies and also interfering in the beliefs and attitudes of children and their parents. The intervention project presented has the following goal: to reduce the prevalence of overweight and childhood obesity through the acquisition and development of attitudes and behaviours witch aim at de promotion and adoption of healthy habits and lifestyles. Changing attitudes and behaviours related to the improving of lifestyles is difficult and takes time. Therefore, the need for an integrated approach is crucial in order to affect the several causes of the problem in witch we want to intervene.