Formação inicial de pedagogos: a construção dos saberes no âmbito do estágio supervisionado

O espaço da formação docente apresenta-se como um campo de investigação rico de informações frente ao contexto da sociedade contemporânea. Assim, diferentes dimensões do processo formativo vem se destacando no cenário educacional, como é o caso da Formação Inicial de Pedagogo: construção dos saberes no âmbito do Estágio Supervionado, tema desta investigação. Este estudo faz uma abordagem sobre os dois modelos de formação de professores: o racionalismo técnico e o emergente pautado nos princípios do agente social, passando por um breve histórico da pedagogia no Brasil, e avança enfocando as concepções dicotômica e de unidade dos saberes teóricos e práticos, além de analisar a construção e mobilização dos saberes docentes. Destaca-se a relevância do Estágio Supervisionado no processo de formação, o seu papel articulador entre os vários tipos de saberes. Após, contextualiza-se o Curso de Pedagogia da UVA/AP, seus dispositivos legais, enfocando as ementas das disciplinas Estágio Supervisionado I e II contempladas na matriz curricular deste curso. Em seguida faz-se um apanhado da metodologia utilizada nesta investigação, que tem uma natureza descritiva, pautando-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e na pesquisa de campo. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram à entrevista semiestruturada e questionário, com os supervisores de estágios e alunos-estagiários sujeitos desta investigação. Finalizando com o tratamento e análise dos dados, apresentados graficamente das informações dos supervisores de estágios e alunos-estagiários e da análise das compreensões dos alunos-estagiários na entrevista semiestruturada, a qual são interpretadas a luz do referencial teórico utilizado na revisão literária. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia proposta foi adequada para apreciar sobre a formação inicial do pedagogo e a construção dos saberes no momento do Estágio Supervisionado. ABSTRACT: The sphere of educator training is presented as a rich of information research field in face of the contemporary society context. Thus, different scopes of the training process have been standing out in the educational scenario, as the case of initial educator training: The construction of the knowledge in the scope of the supervised traineeship, topic of this research. This study provides a comprehensive approach about the two models of teacher training: the technical rationalism and the emerging based on the social agent principles, followed by a short historical of the pedagogy in Brazil, right through focusing on dichotomous conceptions and units of the practical and theoretical knowledge, furthermore, analyze the construction and mobilization of the educational knowledge. The relevance of the supervised traineeship stands out in the training process; its role integrates different types of knowledge. After, Put the Pedagogy course: from UVAIAP into context, their legal arrangements, focusing on the subjects "Supervised Traineeship I and II", included in the study programme. Then is made an overview of the methodology used in this research, that is descriptive in nature, also be guided by a bibliographical research and a field research. The data collection resources were semi-structured interview and a questionnaire, with the traineeships supervisor and the trainee-student’s agents of this research. Concluding with the data processing and analysis, graphically presented according to the traineeships supervisor and trainee-students information and also analysis of the trainee-students comprehension in the semi-structured interview, which are interpreted in accordance of the theoretical framework used in the literary review. The results prove that the methodology proposed was appropriated to appreciate about the initial educator training and the construction of knowledge at the moment of the supervised traineeship.

Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes on the sexuality of nursing students and teachers

Introduction: The personal attitudes regarding specific aspects of sexuality are of interest to practices of personal concern, as they are to practices inserted in professional roles. General attitudes towards sexuality and sexual health were evaluated. Objectives: To describe the perceptions and attitudes of students and nursing teachers about sexuality. Methods: We used a mixed methods design with a sequential strategy: QUAN→qual of descriptive and explanatory type. 646 students and teachers participated. The Sexual Attitudes Scale (EAS) of Hendrick & Hendrick (Alferes, 1999) and Attitude Scale Address Sexual and Reproductive Health (EAFSSR) of Nemčić et al (Abreu, 2008) were used. Results: There are significant differences in the level of knowledge about sexuality depending on the sample (χ2KW (2)=18.271; p=.000): students of 1st year have lower levels. The profile of the four dimensions of EAS per sample is identical in all 3 samples, having responsibility the highest average value. In subscales EAFSSR per sample and sex there are significant diferences (p<.05) for all samples and uniform pattern was noted: females have higher median values, indicating that they have more favorable attitudes towards sexual health. Conclusions: Sexual attitudes reveal a multidimensional structure based in the female identity, that shows responsibility towards family planning and sexual education, as well as towards individual self-care regarding the body and sexual and reproductive health. An attitudinal profile by gender emerges, accentuating the polarity between male and female. The importance of the training process in nursing following the personal and social development of students is corroborated.

THE TEACHING ABOUT THE CARE OF THE ELDERLY IN NURSING TRAINING: THE SITUATION IN PORTUGAL

This paper aims to look at the teaching situation of the nursing undergraduate degree’s courses about eldercare in Portugal. A documentary research on the teaching programs in 39 nursing schools, 26 schools presented syllabus units related to the topic ‘eldercare’ and in eight of these schools the contents of the units were identified. Using textual analysis and from the categories we concluded that the teaching regarding eldercare for the nurse training in Portugal is focused on hospital care; it is directed to the adult/elderly/family; it explores the definitions related to the aging process; it explores community issues, legislation and research. People responsible for the design/monitoring of teaching programs should include teaching regarding eldercare in the nurse training, considering that the elder population is increasing in Portugal.

Nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal: similarities and specificities

Objective: To identify similarities/specificities in the nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal. This is a documentary research conducted in two higher education institutions, in January 2013. Method: It was focused on the National Curriculum Guidelines and on the Bologna Process. Results: Common points: objectives and profile of the newly-trained nurses grounded on competencies; teaching of education in/for health. Brazilian specificity: universal admission; three disciplines focused on research; mandatory discipline related to elderly care; two optional disciplines: Alternative therapies and Brazilian Language of Signs; insertion of complementary activities, actions in teaching/research/extension; basis of teaching: compliance with the Brazilian Unified Health System. Portuguese Specificity: admission with regionalized medical certificate; grounded on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System; compulsory disciplines: Clinical Reasoning in Nursing; Family Nursing; Development throughout life; Rehabilitative Nursing and Prospects of development of the Nursing; two optional disciplines: entrepreneurship and arts; basis of teaching: clinical teaching. Conclusions: There are similarities and specificities between the surveyed courses.

Nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal: similarities and specificities

Objective: To identify similarities/specificities in the nursing training in Brazil and in Portugal. This is a documentary research conducted in two higher education institutions, in January 2013. Method: It was focused on the National Curriculum Guidelines and on the Bologna Process. Results: Common points: objectives and profile of the newly-trained nurses grounded on competencies; teaching of education in/for health. Brazilian specificity: universal admission; three disciplines focused on research; mandatory discipline related to elderly care; two optional disciplines: Alternative therapies and Brazilian Language of Signs; insertion of complementary activities, actions in teaching/research/extension; basis of teaching: compliance with the Brazilian Unified Health System. Portuguese Specificity: admission with regionalized medical certificate; grounded on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System; compulsory disciplines: Clinical Reasoning in Nursing; Family Nursing; Development throughout life; Rehabilitative Nursing and Prospects of development of the Nursing; two optional disciplines: entrepreneurship and arts; basis of teaching: clinical teaching. Conclusions: There are similarities and specificities between the surveyed courses.

An Evaluative Model to Assess the Organizational Efficiency in Training Corporations

In an organisation any optimization process of its issues faces increasing challenges and requires new approaches to the organizational phenomenon. Indeed, in this work it is addressed the problematic of efficiency dynamics through intangible variables that may support a different view of the corporations. It focuses on the challenges that information management and the incorporation of context brings to competitiveness. Thus, in this work it is presented the analysis and development of an intelligent decision support system in terms of a formal agenda built on a Logic Programming based methodology to problem solving, complemented with an attitude to computing grounded on Artificial Neural Networks. The proposed model is in itself fairly precise, with an overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity with values higher than 90 %. The proposed solution is indeed unique, catering for the explicit treatment of incomplete, unknown, or even self-contradictory information, either in a quantitative or qualitative arrangement.