O potencial de produção e comercialização de uvas "D. Maria" em Portugal

A produção de uva de mesa “Dona Maria”, casta 100% nacional criada e obtida nos anos 50 na antiga Estação Agronómica Nacional, em Oeiras, pelo engenheiro-agrónomo Leão Ferreira de Almeida, vem decrescendo ano após ano como resultado do desinteresse e abandono por parte dos agricultores. É uma uva muito doce, com bagos grandes e apreciada pelos portugueses que sentem cada vez mais dificuldades em encontrá-la no mercado. Este estudo de caso tem como objetivos verificar o porquê de tão pouca produção desta uva por parte dos agricultores e sugerir através de ferramentas e estratégias de marketing formas de fazer com que a uva seja mais conhecida e consumida pelo mercado português. No intuito de valorizar e consumir o que é nacional, a uva “Dona Maria” é uma excelente opção para o consumo em fresco ou na forma de passa, em cantinas de escolas e universidades. Os investimentos em novas tecnologias de produção e investigação por parte dos produtores também são uma boa opção para rentabilizar a casta e fazer com que ela não desapareça do mercado, o que seria desastroso na perspectiva cultural e económica; ### Abstract: The production of the table grape “Dona Maria”, a 100% national Portuguese grape variety, created and produced in the 1950s in the former National Agricultural Station (EAN) in Oeiras, Portugal, by Leão Ferreira de Almeida, has been decreasing year after year as a result of lack of interest and abandonment on behalf of producers. It is a very sweet grape with big berries and is highly appreciated by the Portuguese, who find it ever more difficult to find it in the marketplace. This case study´s objectives were to investigate the shortage of production by growers, and to suggest through marketing strategies and tools, ways to make this grape better known and more consumed by the Portuguese market. Within the scope of highlighting and promoting this national product, “Dona Maria” grape is an excellent option either as a fresh consumable or raisin in school and university restaurants. Investment in new production technologies and research are also a good choice and direction to promote the variety and avoid its disappearance from the market, which would be disastrous both culturally and economically.

Leaf water potential and sap flow as indicators of water stress in Crimson ‘seedless’ grapevines under different irrigation strategies

Vitis vinifera L. cv. Crimson Seedless is a late season red table grape developed in 1989, with a high market value and increasingly cultivated under protected environments to extend the availability of seedless table grapes into the late fall. The purpose of this work was to evaluate leaf water potential and sap flow as indicators of water stress in Crimson Seedless vines under standard and reduced irrigation strategy, consisting of 70 % of the standard irrigation depth. Additionally, two sub-treatments were applied, consisting of normal irrigation throughout the growing season and a short irrigation induced stress period between veraison and harvest. Leaf water potential measurements coherently signaled crop-available water variations caused by different irrigation treatments, suggesting that this plant-based method can be reliably used to identify water-stress conditions. The use of sap flow density data to establish a ratio based on a reference ‘well irrigated vine’ and less irrigated vines can potentially be used to signal differences in the transpiration rates, which may be suitable for improving irrigation management strategies while preventing undesirable levels of water stress. Although all four irrigation strategies resulted in the production of quality table grapes, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in both berry weight and sugar content between the standard irrigation and reduced irrigation treatments. Reduced irrigation increased slightly the average berry size as well as sugar content and technical maturity index. The 2-week irrigation stress period had a negative effect on these parameters.

Leaf water potential and sap flow as indicators of water stress in Crimson 'seedless' grapevines under different irrigation strategies

Abstract Vitis vinifera L. cv. Crimson Seedless is a late season red table grape developed in 1989, with a high market value and increasingly cultivated under protected environments to extend the availability of seedless table grapes into the late fall. The purpose of this work was to evaluate leaf water potential and sap flow as indicators of water stress in Crimson Seedless vines under standard and reduced irrigation strategy, consisting of 70 % of the standard irrigation depth. Additionally, two sub-treatments were applied, consisting of normal irrigation throughout the growing season and a short irrigation induced stress period between veraison and harvest. Leaf water potential measurements coherently signaled crop-available water variations caused by different irrigation treatments, suggesting that this plant-based method can be reliably used to identify water-stress conditions. The use of sap flow density data to establish a ratio based on a reference ‘well irrigated vine’ and less irrigated vines can potentially be used to signal differences in the transpiration rates, which may be suitable for improving irrigation management strategies while preventing undesirable levels of water stress. Although all four irrigation strategies resulted in the production of quality table grapes, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in both berry weight and sugar content between the standard irrigation and reduced irrigation treatments. Reduced irrigation increased slightly the average berry size as well as sugar content and technical maturity index. The 2-week irrigation stress period had a negative effect on these parameters.

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Management on the Quality of Seedless Crimson Table Grapes

The market for table grapes is moving into mass production of specialty seed-less grapes in covered areas, aiming at obtaining premium prices with early or late production of high quality products. Production of quality seedless grapes is not straightforward since it is requires the correct combination of various independent characteristics, such as color, sugars, size and quantity at the right moment for successful harvesting and marketing. The present study was carried out at the two largest Portuguese producers located in Alentejo, and has the objective of studying the effect of irrigation management strategies and two different soils on the various relevant parameters for successful production and marketing. The management strategies were the application of ten day stress at the end of the cycle, in order to promote early maturing of the grapes. Three different timings of the stress were applied. Soil moisture, sap flow, bark thickness, as well as leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were measured regularly during the production season. The results indicate that the roots explore a rather large soil volume and the plants can successfully withstand reasonable periods of drought without significant changes to the plant physiology. Additionally late rains can mask the effect of any farmer applied drought and invalidate any farmer induced stress to the plants. Water-logged soils tend to cause early onset of maturity, but cause the ripening stage to extend over a longer period of time, and thus, in effect result in a delay in the harvest date. Topography also has some effect on the ripening, since hot air tends to accumulate under the plastic at the higher areas of the field. This work is funded by PRODER, 4.1, within the scope of project MORECRIMSON