A new approach for computing a flood vulnerability index using cluster analysis

A Flood Vulnerability Index (FloodVI) was developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a new aggregation method based on Cluster Analysis (CA). PCA simplifies a large number of variables into a few uncorrelated factors representing the social, economic, physical and environmental dimensions of vulnerability. CA groups areas that have the same characteristics in terms of vulnerability into vulnerability classes. The grouping of the areas determines their classification contrary to other aggregation methods in which the areas' classification determines their grouping. While other aggregation methods distribute the areas into classes, in an artificial manner, by imposing a certain probability for an area to belong to a certain class, as determined by the assumption that the aggregation measure used is normally distributed, CA does not constrain the distribution of the areas by the classes. FloodVI was designed at the neighbourhood level and was applied to the Portuguese municipality of Vila Nova de Gaia where several flood events have taken place in the recent past. The FloodVI sensitivity was assessed using three different aggregation methods: the sum of component scores, the first component score and the weighted sum of component scores. The results highlight the sensitivity of the FloodVI to different aggregation methods. Both sum of component scores and weighted sum of component scores have shown similar results. The first component score aggregation method classifies almost all areas as having medium vulnerability and finally the results obtained using the CA show a distinct differentiation of the vulnerability where hot spots can be clearly identified. The information provided by records of previous flood events corroborate the results obtained with CA, because the inundated areas with greater damages are those that are identified as high and very high vulnerability areas by CA. This supports the fact that CA provides a reliable FloodVI.

Content analysis model to analyze facets of social mission of public library on the Facebook and in the websites

In this paper we present the development and the implementation of a content analysis model for observing aspects relating to the social mission of the public library on Facebook pages and websites. The model is unique and it was developed from the literature. There were designed the four categories for analysis Generate social capital and social cohesion, Consolidate democracy and citizenship, Social and digital inclusion and Fighting illiteracies. The model enabled the collection and the analysis of data applied to a case study consisting of 99 Portuguese public libraries with Facebook page. With this model of content analysis we observed the facets of social mission and we read the actions with social facets on the Facebook page and in the websites of public libraries. At the end we discuss in parallel the results of observation of the Facebook of libraries and the websites. By reading the description of the actions of the social mission, the general conclusion and the most immediate is that 99 public libraries on Facebook and websites rarely publish social character actions, and the results are little satisfying. The Portuguese public libraries highlight substantially the actions in the category Generate social capital and social cohesion.

Currículo no ensino fundamental de nove anos: uma análise das possíveis mudanças curriculares nas séries iniciais da rede estadual de ensino de Santa Catarina - Brasil

Diante da medida política, de cunho educativo, de ampliação do Ensino Fundamental brasileiro de oito para nove anos de escolaridade obrigatória, esta investigação propôs-se analisar os reflexos desta deliberação na proposta curricular oficialmente prescrita. A questão da qual se ocupou este estudo, é portanto: Quais as mudanças de natureza curricular, nas Séries Iniciais da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Santa Catarina, decorrentes das alterações estabelecidas pela Lei n. 11.274? Este estudo caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa documental, de abordagem histórica e qualitativa, cujo método de investigação é a técnica de análise de conteúdo. A análise dos Documentos Preliminares de Seleção e Organização Curricular para as Séries Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de Nove Anos, permitiu-nos inferir que não houve mudanças significativas na organização curricular quando comparada com a Proposta Curricular de Santa Catarina elaborada anteriormente; ### ABSTRACT: NINE YEARS ELEMENTARY EDUCATION CURRICULUM: An analysis of the possible curriculum changes in the Elementary School first grades in Santa Catarina State – Brazil This investigation purposes to examine the policy measure, in a educative way, of the brazilian Elementary Education extension, from eight to nine required years, as also this decision´s consequences in the officially prescribed curriculum proposal. The question which this study has engaged is, therefor: what are the results of the first grade of elementary school curricular changes in Santa Catarina, according with the law n. 11.274? This study describes a documentary research, with a historical and qualitative approach, which investigation method is a content analysis technique. The analysis of the Curricular Preliminary Selection and Organization Documents to the Nine Years Elementary Education allowed us to conclude that no meaning changes have occurred in the curricular organizaton, when compared with the previous proposal.

Programa "Escola Segura": Contributo para a avaliação dos impactos do programa "Escola Segura" no Concelho de Portalegre

O trabalho que a seguir se apresenta incide sobre o tema Programa “Escola Segura”, mais especificamente sobre a avaliação/caracterização dos impactos do Programa “Escola Segura” no concelho de Portalegre. Este trabalho de investigação tinha, fundamentalmente, cinco grandes objetivos: - Conhecer o Programa “Escola Segura”; - Caracterizar o Programa “Escola Segura” no concelho de Portalegre; - Caracterizar a parceria no território entre a Escola e o Programa “Escola Segura”; - Verificar qual a articulação entre a Escola e o Programa “Escola Segura”; - Idênticas as relações existentes entre agentes do Programa “Escola Segura”, professores e alunos. Encontra-se dividido em duas partes. Na primeira parte, designada por “Enquadramento Teórico” serão revistas algumas das conceptualizações teóricas, as quais se encontram organizadas por três capítulos distintos: “Relação Educativa”, “Disciplina” e “Enquadramento Legal”. De salientar que neste último se inclui o Despacho Conjunto n. ° 105-A/20051, o qual estabelece o conceito, objetivos, âmbitos e estrutura do Programa “Escola Segura”, e, como tal, é desenvolvido de forma mais aprofundada, visto ser o motor, bem como o assunto principal desta investigação. A estrutura da segunda parte deste trabalho, designada por “Investigação”, assenta na existência de três capítulos: “Enquadramento Metodológico”, “Análise e Interpretação de Dados” e “Considerações Finais”. Após discutidos os principais resultados, são também apresentadas algumas recomendações e sugestões. A metodologia deste estado apresenta duas dimensões: - Uma pequena dimensão quantitativa, que caracteriza a realidade objeto de estudo (caracterização dos diferentes estabelecimentos de ensino, pertencentes ao mesmo Agrupamento, quanto ao número de alunos e professores); - Uma forte dimensão qualitativa, que tem como objetivo evidenciar a opinião, que os diferentes atores possuem do Programa “Escola Segura” (análise e interpretação de entrevistas semi-directivas e de textos). Como instrumentos de recolha de dados evidenciam-se dois: - Entrevistas semi-directivas, elaboradas de acordo com os procedimentos indicados em ESTRELA (1990), destinadas aos docentes e agentes do Programa “Escola Segura”; - Ficha de trabalho, elaborada por nós, dirigida aos alunos, que consistia na construção de um texto sobre o Programa “Escola Segura”. A recolha de informação, nomeadamente a obtida por meio de entrevistas semi-diretivas, de forma a permitir um tratamento/análise mais claro e objetivo, foi trabalhada através de grelhas de análise, por categorias. Esta análise de conteúdo foi feita de acordo com os procedimentos indicados por BARDIN (1977). Os resultados obtidos permitem constatar que o Programa “Escola Segura” se desenvolve de formas distintas, de acordo com o meio em que os estabelecimentos de ensino estão inseridos (rural ou urbano), apesar de assentar na mesma filosofia. Sendo que parte desta situação transcende, de alguma forma, os próprios agentes destacados para o Programa em estudo. /ABSTRACT - “Escola Segura” programe Thefollowing work considers the "Escola Segura" programe, specifying on it’s evaluation/characterization in the city of Portalegre. This work of investigation had, fundamentally, five major goals: - Knowing the “Escola Segura ” program; - Characterizing the “Escola Segura ” program in Portalegre; - Characterizing the partnership between the School and the “Escola Segura" program - Verifying the articulation between the School and the “Escola Segura ” Program - Identifying existing relationships between agents of the “Escola Segura” program, teachers and students. In order to do this, we divided this work in two parts: in the first part, designated by "Enquadramento Teórico ", some of the theoretical concepts are reviewed in three different chapters: “Relação Educativa”, “Disciplina” and “Enquadramento Legal ". In the last we included the Despacho Conjunto n.º 105-A/2005, which establishes the concept, objectives, ambits and structures of the previously mentioned program. As such, it was developed more extensively, for this seems to be the engine as well as the main subject of this investigation. The structure of the second part of this work, designated by "Investigação", also consists of three chapters: “Enquadramento Metodológico", “Análise e interpretação de dados" and "Considerações finais”. Finally, after discussing the main results, we will state recommendations and suggestions. The methodology of this study has two dimensions: - A small quantitative dimension, that characterizes the reality that is the study object (characterization of different schools belonging to the same Scholl Groups, in terms of numbers of students and teachers); - A strong qualitative dimension, with the purpose of stating the opinion that the different actors possess of the “Escola Segura” program (analysis and interpretation of semi-directive interviews and texts). We will focus on two instruments of data sampling: - Semi-directive interviews, elaborated in agreement with the suitable procedures in STAR (1990), destinated to teachers and agents of the “Escola Segura” Program; - A work sheet directed to the students, that we developed, which consisted in elaborating a text about the aforementioned program. Data sampling, obtained through semi-directive interviews in order to allow a clearer and more objective treatment and analysis, was developed through analysis sheets divided into categories. This content analysis was made in agreement with the suitable procedures by BARDIN (1977). The obtained results allow to verify that the “Escola Segura” program develops in distinct ways, according to which environment schools are inserted in (rural or urban), even though it is based on the same philosophy. Part of this situation even transcends, in a way, the indicated agents for the studied program