Criteria for graphic representation in musical scores: Visual elements in musical scores

A interdisciplinaridade entre a música e as artes visuais tem sido explorado por conceituados teóricos e filósofos, embora não exista muito na área da interpretação visual do grafismo de partituras musicais. Este estudo investiga como os grafismos na notação e símbolos musicais afectam o intérprete na sua transformação em som, com referência especial a partituras contemporâneas, que utilizam notação menos convencional para a criação de uma interpretação por sugestão. Outras relações entre o som e o visual são exploradas, incluindo a sinestesia, a temporalidade e a relação entre obra de arte e público. O objectivo desta dissertação é a de constituir um estudo inovativo sobre partituras musicais contemporâneas, simultaneamente do ponto de vista musical e visual. Finalmente, também vai mais longe, incluindo desenhos da própria autora inspirados e motivados pela música. Estes já não cumprem uma função de notação convencional para o músico, embora existe uma constante possibilidade de uma reinterpretação. ABSTRACT; The inter-disciplinarity between music and visual art has been explored by leading theorists and philosophers, though very little exists in the area of the visual interpretation of graphic musical scores. This study looks at how the graphics of musical notation and symbols affect the performer in transforming them into sound, with particular reference to contemporary scores that use non¬conventional notation to create an interpretation through suggestion. Other sound-visual relationships are explored, including synaesthesia, temporality and the interconnection between work of art and audience or public. This dissertation aims to be an innovative study of contemporary musical scores, from a musical as well as visual perspective. Finally, it takes a step further with drawings of my own, directly inspired and motivated by the music. These no longer fulfil a conventionally notational function for the musician, yet the potential for a re-interpretation is ever-present.

MOTIVATION AND SATISFACTION IN CONTEXT OF JOB TRAINING IN TOURIST ORGANIZATIONS

This research aims to determine the dimensions of motivation and satisfaction, acquired, through the perception in context of job training, by future technicians (students) in the hospitality and tourism industry, particularly by technical courses in the hotel and restaurant sector. The methodology comprises three distinct stages. First were recovered instruments (questionnaires), already validated by other authors of motivation and satisfaction, which had the intention to replicate studies conducted in other scientific knowledge fields, such as tourism. Those instruments were recovered from the reviewed literature conducted about other themes. On second place the measuring instruments were submitted to a pre-test, or rather, were subject of a pioneer study, in order to verify other assumptions such as semantic errors or see if there was the possibility of some prepared questions to be consider invalidated by poor formulation or interpretation. Finally, were applied in three educational institutions who agreed to cooperate on the research, with the reservation that the interviewed needed a mandatory pre-requirement that consisted in conducting a minimum training in work context (TWC). Then, proceed the statistical analysis to support all the empirical part. The results show that, in general, motivation and satisfaction were present during the period of training in work context. To some people it meant a very important period of personal and professional life, concerning the interactions, emotions and involvement with touristic organizations but also the personal and social relationships.