Gestão florestal e propriedade: A floresta, a (sua) propriedade e o alcance das políticas públicas

O trabalho pretende questionar se as necessidades da gestão da floresta e as interacções com o ambiente, justificam o repensar do conceito de propriedade privada, na definição de políticas florestais concretizadoras duma «mundividência ambiental». Estrutura-se em quatro partes: primeiro, procura-se dar uma perspectiva do direito de propriedade privada, a sua perenidade na nossa cultura, sobretudo na cultura jurídica; segundo, analisa-se a dinâmica da propriedade privada da floresta nos últimos séculos, e as soluções de políticas florestais- destacando-se a criação das zonas de intervenção florestal (ZIF); terceiro, estuda-se em concreto o regime de certificação florestal, como forma específica de gestão florestal; quarto, sublinham-se novos desafios ambientais à gestão das florestas, designadamente a identificação dos problemas que emergem em resultado das alterações climáticas, destacando-se o sequestro de carbono e a criação do mercado de carbono. Este estudo não é estanque, faz parte de um mesmo questionamento: é o ambiente um valor para a humanidade ou é um valor em si mesmo? ABSTRACT: The work intends to question if the private property of the forest, toward the necessities of management and interactions with the environment, justifies the rethink of the concept, in forest politics definition, producer of an interactive view of the environment. lt is structured in four parts: first, it intends to give a perspective of the right of private property, its longevity in our culture, the importance of legal quarrel; second, the dynamics of the private property of the forest, in the latest centuries, and the solutions of the implemented forest politics - being distinguished the creation of zones of forest intervention, the ZIF; third, the forest management ­ forest certification; fourth, the environmental source, the identification of problems that emerge in result of climatic alterations, being distinguished the kidnap of carbon and the creation of the carbon market. This study is not tight; it is part of the same reflection: of being the environment a value for the humanity or a value in itself exactly.

Valor económico do solo: perspectivas pública e privada

Having in mind that the majority of human beings do not take consciousness how fundamental soil is for their survi - val, nor how men action can lead to soil dilapidation, this works tries to call attention for its real value. Concisely, the main objectives of this paper are: to show clearly the most relevant soil functions; to analyze how soil management can influence positive or negatively soil capacity of production; to present a methodology for private soil assessment , making clear that privates valuate almost exclusively the soil capacity to produce market goods and ser - vices; to stress that many goods and services have global public effects; to emphasize that society ought to recognize soil multifunctionality and must try to impute some value to all those goods and services although some of them have no market value, at present. The paper concludes that: (1) without productive soil life on earth, as we know it, would be impossible; (2) although it is almost impossible to assess the real value of all goods and services produced by the soil, it is of great importance to develop appropriate methodologies to do so, in order to improve cost-benefit analysis helping to take correct decisions regarding the sustainable use of the soil.