4 resultados para Phytoremediation, Dittrichia viscosa, metalli pesanti
em Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora - Portugal
Resumo:
A distribuição da espécie D. viscosa, nativa em Portugal, foi avaliada ao longo da berma de duas estradas, do sul do país. A composição florística e a percentagem de cobertura do solo das diferentes espécies foram amostradas em áreas de berma com e sem a influência de D. viscosa, para avaliar o seu efeito nas comunidades das bermas. O efeito do corte dos arbustos foi também estudado. A espécie em estudo apresentou uma clara preferência pelas bermas, comparativamente com as áreas envolventes. Os resultados sugerem que a presença dos arbustos provoca uma diminuição na biodiversidade das bermas. As estradas estudadas devem, portanto, ser alvo de controlo da distribuição desta espécie, para impedir a sua invasão. Com base nos resultados, sugerimos que o controlo deve ser efectuado através de dois cortes, no meio da primavera para impedir a propagação de incêndios e no final do verão, para prevenir a dispersão das sementes. ABSTRACT; The distribution of the native species D. viscosa was evaluated along the road verges of two roads in southern Portugal. The plant species composition and cover were surveyed within the roadside habitats, in areas with and without D. viscosa, to evaluate its effect on road verge communities. The effect of mowing on D. viscosa shrubs was also assessed. Shrubs showed a clear preference to verges relative to the surroundings, indicating that D. viscosa seems to be invading the study road verges. Results also suggest that the presence of the shrubs decrease the plant diversity of road sides, with potential effects on animals as well. Therefore, the study roads should be considered as important targets of local and regional efforts to prevent invasions of this species. Based on our results, we suggest that to prevent D. viscosa invasion within roadside ecosystems, the control should be based on two mowings, in mid-spring to prevent fires and in late-summer to prevent seed dispersal.
Resumo:
Environmental pollution by several heavy metals and metalloids is a severe problem worldwide, as soils became increasingly contaminated, posing a threat to ecosystems and ultimately to human health. Contamination derives from large scale urbanization and industrialization, threatening land ecosystems, surface and groundwater, as well as food safety and human health. Remediation strategies for heavy metal-contaminated sites are necessary to protect from their toxic effects and conserve the environment for future generations. Numerous physicochemical techniques have been adopted including excavation and deposition in landfills, thermal treatment, leaching and electro-reclamation. These techniques are fast but inadequate, costly, cause adverse effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties, and may lead to secondary pollution. In fact, many of these approaches only change the problem from one form or place to another, and do not completely destroy the pollutants. There was an urgent need to develop new technologies which are cost-effective and eco-friendly. In this context, biological remediation has tremendous potential. It uses plants and microorganisms to remove or contain toxic contaminants and is considered as the most effective method because it is a natural process, environmentally-friendly, has a low cost, and wide public acceptance. The present chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of some of the promising processes mediated by plant and microbes to remediate metal-contaminated environments. Some biological processes used for the decontamination of organic compounds will also be included because of their relevance and potential common use for both purposes.
Resumo:
O objectivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os impactos ambientais de duas áreas mineiras abandonadas, a Mina de São Domingos e a Mina da Mostardeira. Procedeu-se a uma caracterização biogeoquímica detalhada das duas áreas mineiras e suas envolventes, a qual consistiu na análise de parâmetros físico-químicos e determinação das concentrações de metais nos aquíferos adjacentes; identificação da flora nativa; caracterização mineralógica dos resíduos mineiros, escórias, solos e sedimentos; e avaliação dos seus prováveis perigos ambientais através da determinação dos teores total, parcial e lixiviável de metais presentes. Os resultados permitiram aprofundar o conhecimento dos processos que ocorrem nestes sistemas e as plantas nativas que colonizam os solos metalíferos da mina de São Domingos foram estudadas não só para avaliar o seu potencial como hiperacumuladoras mas também para estudar em detalhe os mecanismos de tolerância e defesa apresentados pelas plantas desenvolvidas sob stress metálico e o trinómio solo-metal-planta. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts of two old mining areas, the São Domingos Mine and the Mostardeira Mine. A detailed biogeochemical characterization of the two mining areas and their surroundings was performed including the analysis of physical and chemical parameters and the determination of metal concentrations in adjacent aquifers, identification of native flora, study of the mineralogy of the tailings, slags, soils and sediments, and assessment of their likely environmental hazards by determining the levels of total, partial and leachable metals present. The results led to a greater understanding of the geochemical processes occurring in these systems. Furthermore, the study of the native plants that colonize the metalliferous soils of São Domingos mine allowed a deeper insight on the mechanisms of tolerance and defense developed by plants under metallic stress and also to evaluate their hyper accumulator potential and therefore their potential use in phytoremediation strategies.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho teve como objectivo a implementação de estratégias de remediação de duas minas abandonadas na região do Alto Alentejo, a mina da Tinoca e a mina da Mostardeira. Neste trabalho foram realizados ensaios de fitoremediação com as espécies Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, Solanum nigrum L., Piptatherum miliaceum (L.)Coss. e Spergularia purpurea (Persoon)G. Don fil. As misturas utilizadas como suporte para desenvolvimento das plantas resultaram da mistura (1:1) de resíduos de escombreira e solo. Estas misturas foram realizadas para as duas minas independentemente. A estas misturas foram adicionados correctivos minerais e um correctivo orgânico. Dos estudos realizados observou-se que medidas de atenuação/diluição não se mostraram suficientemente eficazes para permitir uma estabilização da zona superficial em causa, pelas espécies de plantas estudadas. Por outro lado, a adição de um correctivo orgânico, juntamente com a subida do pH do solo, conduziu a um melhoramento das características físicas e químicas das misturas originais facilitando a sua revegetação. ABSTRACT: This study was designed to implement remediation strategies in two abandoned mines in the region of Alto Alentejo, the Tinoca mine and Mostradeira mine. Phytoremediation tests were carried out with the species Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, Solanum nigrum L., Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss. and Spergularia purpurea (Persoon) G. Don fil. The mixtures used to support plant growth resulted from the admixture (1:1) of waste tailings and soil and were performed independently for the two mines. Soil mineral correctives and organic fertilizers were added to these mixtures. The study showed that mitigation/dilution measures were not sufficiently effective to allow the stabilization of the area with the plant species studied. However, the addition of an organic corrective, along with the rise of soil pH, led to an improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the original amendment soil mixtures, hence facilitating its phytorestoration.