Nursing Interventions in Prevention and Healing of Leg Ulcers: Systematic Review of the Literature

Aim: The purpose of this study was to define nursing interventions for patients with venous, arterial or mixed leg ulcers. Methodology: A survey was conducted in EBSCO (CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text), MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete, with full text articles, published between 2008/01/01 and 2015/01/31, with the following keywords: [(MM "leg ulcer") OR (wound care) OR (wound healing)] AND [(nursing) OR (nursing assessment) OR (nursing intervention)]. Results: The different leg ulcer etiologies require different therapeutic approach to prevention and treatment. Predictive factors were identified associated with healing: patient-centred care, interpersonal relationship, pain control, control of the exudate, education for health self-management, self-care, therapeutic compliance, implementation of guidelines, auditing and feedback on the practices. Conclusion: Evidence-based practice helps to improve efficiency, safety and quality of nursing care directed to people with leg ulcers or at risk of developing this type of wounds.

Subjective Aspects of People with Chronic Ulcers: a Qualitative Study in Brazil and Portugal

Introduction: The experience built in the process of living with chronic ulcer is marked by changes such as the inability to work, to relate socially and causes the need to adapt to a routine care. Understanding this network of meanings is important to develop techniques of individual or collective care. Objective: To understand impregnated subjectivities in the everyday experiences of Brazilian and Portuguese patients with chronic ulcers, in the light of the Oral History of life. Method: Comparative study with a qualitative approach, using Oral History as method and technique. The network of collaborators, formed by males and females, aged 39-82 years, was structured into two groups, one consisting of 06 people in Natal/RN, Brazil and another composed of 10 people in Évora/Portugal. In both groups, the narratives were collected through open questions, which were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by the technique of thematic content analysis. Results: Through the analysis, three themes were revealed: Social repercussion in Brazil and in Portugal; Trajectory of theinjured person; and Coping mechanisms. Conclusion: Changes were observed in social life, leading contributors to isolation, in addition to confronting the stigma experienced. There were also identified points as the reinterpretation of chronic wound carrier about their disease and coping strategies of their chroniccondition.

Nursing Interventions in Prevention and Healing of Leg Ulcers: Systematic Review of the Literature.

Abstract Aim: To identify nursing interventions aimed at persons with venous, arterial or mixed leg ulcers. Methodology: Carried out research in the EBSCO search engine: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete, sought full text articles, published between 2008/01/01 and 2015/01/31, with the following keywords [(MM "leg ulcer") OR (wound care) OR (wound healing)] AND [(nursing) OR (nursing assessment) OR (nursing intervention)], filtered through initial question in PI[C]O format. Results: The different etiologies of leg ulcer require a specific therapeutic and prophylactic approach. Factors that promote healing were identified: individualization of care, interpersonal relationship, pain control, control of the exudate, education for health self-management, self-care, therapeutic adherence, implementation of guidelines of good practice and auditing and feedback of the practices. Conclusion: Person-centred care and practices based on evidence improves health results in prevention and treatment of leg ulcers.

Prevalência de úlceras de pressão em dois hospitais portugueses: Impacto da Escala de Braden associada a um protocolo de prevenção

As úlceras de pressão constituem um importante problema de saúde pública comum a diversos cenários de cuidados, em todo o mundo, e também em Portugal, nomeadamente para a população mais idosa. O presente estudo teve como objectivos determinar o impacto da escala de Braden associada a um protocolo de prevenção de úlceras de pressão na prevalência destas lesões, assim como, monitorizar o problema das úlceras de pressão em dois hospitais portugueses, em que o Hospital A utiliza estes instrumento e o Hospital 8 não usa esses instrumentos. Foi utilizado o Instrumento de Prevalência de Úlceras de Pressão validado para Portugal na recolha dos dados. Os dados foram obtidos através da observação directa dos doentes. Foram realizadas duas avaliações com um intervalo de três meses em cada hospital. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que as úlceras de pressão constituem um problema de saúde para os dois hospitais observados. No entanto, o Hospital A apresenta menor taxa de prevalência de úlceras de pressão, menor número de úlceras de pressão mais graves, menor possibilidade de um doente adquirir uma úlcera de pressão e maior utilização de medidas preventivas. Os valores encontrados foram estatisticamente significativos para p <0,05. Confirma-se que a utilização da escala de Braden associada a um protocolo de prevenção de úlceras de pressão é uma medida eficaz na redução do número de úlceras de pressão. Para uma maior eficácia deste instrumento será importante a sua utilização como ferramenta de controlo da adequação das medidas preventivas. ABSTRACT; Pressure ulcers are an important public health problem common to several scenarios of care in the world, and also in Portugal, particularly for the elderly. This study aims to determine the impact of the Braden scale associated with a protocol for prevention of pressure ulcers in prevalence of these lesions, as well as monitor the problem of pressure ulcers in two Portuguesa hospitais, the Hospital A uses these instrument and Hospital B doesn’t. It was used the instrument of Prevalence of pressure ulcers validated for Portugal in the data collection. Data were collected through direct observation of patients. There were two assessments with an interval of three months in each hospital. The results showed that the pressure ulcers are a health problem for both hospitals observed. However, the Hospital A provides a lower prevalence rate of pressure ulcers, lower number of pressure ulcers more serious, less possibility of a patient acquiring a pressure ulcer and increased use of preventive measures. The values were statistically significant for p<0.05. lt is confirmed that the use of the Braden scale associated with a protocol for prevention of pressure ulcers is an effective measure in reducing the number of pressure ulcers. For greater efficiency will be important to use it as a tool for monitoring the adequacy of preventive measures.

Prevenção de Úlceras da face, em Pessoas Submetidas a Ventilação não invasiva, indicadores sensíveis aos cuidados de Enfermagem: Revisão sistemática de Literatura

ABSTRACT The Non-invasive Ventilation represents an alternative from ventilatory support, being frequently used in the treatment of respiratory failure. There are many complications associated with this technique, related to the pressure / air flow and the application of interfaces, being this one the focus of the article. The most appropriate interface selection allows a successful technique; the interface must be based on anatomical characteristics of the patient, cutaneous integrity and ventilation requirements. The Nurse plays a key role selecting the appropriate interface; technical monitoring and prevention of complications. The objective of the study is identify sensitive results to nursing care in the prevention of pressure ulcers (PPU) of the face, in adult and elderly submitted to NIV. This research was through EBSCO (CINAHL (Plus with Full Text) and MEDLINE (Plus with Full Text), with selection of full text articles between 2003-01-01 and 31.12.2013. We used the method of PI[C]O and was selected 13 articles from a total of 353. It was identified a set of specific interventions that prevent the appearing of pressure ulcer (PU), and according to Doran (2011), promotes sensitivity to nursing care results. The nursing interventions in adults with NIV have a direct impact on health outcomes, with preventing and resolving complications, with contribution in terms of effective disease control, adherence to the treatment regimen and consequent increase in life quality.

Quality of life in people with leg ulcer, integrative review

Objective: To identify the main changes in the daily life of people with leg ulcer and how that affects the person’s life’s quality. Methodology: We used the methodology PI [C] OD and were selected four research articles, taken from EBSCO, PubMed, and EWMA. Results: The main changes identified in the people’s daily live with leg’s ulcers are physical (pain, decreased mobility, presence of exudate, bad smell from the wound and change in the style of clothing), psychological (sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, feelings of rejection and low self-esteem), social (isolation, restriction in leisure activities, inability to perform household chores). Conclusions: The literature about person’s life’s quality with leg ulcer reported a significant impact in the daily life of that person. The care provided by nurses should be centred on the person itself, integrating all the kind of needs and the leg ulcer mustn’t be the sole focus of care.

Aspects Related to Venous Ulcer Healing and its Influence on Quality of Life

Nowadays, the varicose ulcers (VUs) are one of the most worrying leg ulcers and are an important problem in global public health, with high costs related to the treatment and its complications. Moreover, the quality of life (QOL) of the patient could be affected by pain, sleep disorders, functional impairment, depression and isolation. The VUs patient care is complex and it is necessary to know the aspects that contribute to the healing process for developing effective strategies. The members of the multidisciplinary health team should identify sociodemographic, clinical and care aspects that interfere in tissue repair and therefore impacting the QOL. Self-efficacy, adherence to treatment and self-esteem are other important aspects also related to healing and QOL, with implications for health care and the multidisciplinary team. To sum up, the use of multidisciplinary protocols allows the systematization of care for people with VUs in order to standardize therapeutic interventions with the aim to decrease the healing process time and, as a consequence, to improve the QOL.