5 resultados para Obesidade na adolescência Teses

em Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora - Portugal


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Este estudo caracteriza a incidncia do excesso de peso e da obesidade no Externato Joo Alberto Faria (Arruda dos Vinhos), procurando identificar as variveis que os determinam e definir um projecto de interveno na rea da educao para a sade no mbito dos estilos de vida saudveis e do combate ao excesso de peso e obesidade. Dos 432 alunos que participaram no estudo, 53,7/o eram do sexo feminino e 46,3% do sexo masculino. Os resultados relativos ao ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC) dos alunos indicaram que, na populao em estudo, 31,7% dos alunos apresentavam peso em excesso, dos quais 10,5% eram obesos. A prevalncia de excesso de peso e obesidade era superior nos alunos mais novos e nas raparigas, no entanto os rapazes eram mais obesos. Em virtude dos resultados, identificaram-se como reas de interveno, a melhoria dos hbitos alimentares, o aumento dos nveis de actividade fsica e a diminuio das catividades de lazer sedentrias dos alunos, bem como intervenes ao nvel das crenas, atitudes e comportamentos dos alunos e dos pais. O projecto de interveno apresentado tem como objectivo reduzir a prevalncia do excesso de peso e obesidade infantil atravs da aquisio e desenvolvimento de atitudes e comportamentos que visem a promoo e adopo de hbitos e estilos de vida saudveis. sabido que mudar atitudes e comportamentos, nomeadamente, os que dizem respeito a mudana de estilos de vida, um processo difcil e que leva tempo, sendo fundamental uma abordagem integrada que afecte as vrias dimenses das causas do problema em que se pretende intervir. ABSTRACT; This study characterizes the incidence of overweight and obesity in Externato Joo Alberto Faria (Arruda dos Vinhos). lts aim was to identify the variables that causes it and to define a project of intervention in the health educational field related to healthy lifestyles and against overweight and childhood obesity. 432 students participated in the survey: 53,7% females and 46,3% males. The results as far as students Body Mass Index are concerned show that within the surveyed people 31,7% were overweight and 10,5% were obese. Overweight and obesity have more evidence in the younger students and in the girls' group, despite the fact that boys were more obese. Such results lead to the intervention in certain areas: improving eating habits, increasing physical activity, diminishing sedentary hobbies and also interfering in the beliefs and attitudes of children and their parents. The intervention project presented has the following goal: to reduce the prevalence of overweight and childhood obesity through the acquisition and development of attitudes and behaviours witch aim at de promotion and adoption of healthy habits and lifestyles. Changing attitudes and behaviours related to the improving of lifestyles is difficult and takes time. Therefore, the need for an integrated approach is crucial in order to affect the several causes of the problem in witch we want to intervene.

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na infncia e adolescência que se cria a individualidade de cada ser humano, adquirem-se normas e valores dos contextos que se est inserido. Na relao com estes contextos surgem formas individuais de pensar e reagir. O enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de sade mental surge como elemento que ajuda os utentes na sua relao com os seus contextos internos e externos na promoo da sade, preveno de riscos, prestando cuidados de mbito psicoteraputico, socioteraputico, psicossocial e psicoeducacional. O presente relatrio descreve o processo de implementao de referenciais para a consulta de enfermagem de sade mental infantil e juvenil. Divide-se na fase de planeamento e na fase de implementao. Na avaliao e interveno h a necessidade de adaptao pessoa e seu nvel de desenvolvimento das estratgias usadas. Revelaram-se eficazes as estratgias de ludoterapia, musicoterapia, filmeterapia, mediadores de expresso na gesto da relao da criana e adolescente consigo e com o que o rodeia, havendo ganhos quer a nvel da satisfao dos utentes e familiares, adaptao, bem-estar e autocuidado, preveno de complicaes e promoo da sade; ABSTRACT: BENCHMARKS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NURSING PROCESS IN MENTAL HEALTH CONSULTATION AND PSYCHIATRY IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE - THE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS The individuality of each human being is created during childhood and adolescence. Norms and values of the context where each one is inserted are acquired. Individual thinking and reacting ways rise, relating to this context. The mental health nursing specialist is one element that helps users in their internal and external contexts relationship, regarding to health promotion and risk prevention with psycho therapeutic, social therapeutic, psychosocial and psychoeducational care providing. This report describes how to insert references to the children and adolescent mental health nursing consultation. It is divided in planning and implementation phases. During assessment and intervention, there is the need to adapt these strategies to each person and their level of development. Ludo therapy, music therapy, movie therapy, expression mediators, showed efficacy in children and adolescent management relationship with themselves and their surroundings, with gains both in terms of user and family satisfaction, adaptation, welfare, self-care, complications prevention and health promotion.

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Embora de natureza radicalmente distinta, bullying e vinculao so fenmenos de natureza relacional. Se o bullying descrito como um abuso sistemtico de poder, que ocorre intencional e repetidamente entre pares, a vinculao refere-se ao estabelecimento de laos afectivos fortes com determinadas pessoas significativas, especialmente em momentos percepcionados como perigosos. A investigao, apesar do reduzido nmero de estudos, mostra uma relao entre estes conceitos. A agresso instrumental interpares parece estar relacionada com vinculaes inseguras. O objectivo deste estudo compreender a relao entre o bullying e os padres de vinculao. Foi realizado em trs escolas da zona de vora, com os alunos do 7 ano (237 alunos). Utilizaram-se dois questionrios de auto-relato: o QEVE - Questionrio de Excluso Social e Violncia Escolar e o IVIA - Inventrio sobre Vinculao para a Infncia e a Adolescência. Os resultados deste estudo corroboram os estudos anteriores, relativamente aos comportamentos agressivos entre pares. Mostram que existem correlaes estatisticamente significativas entre as dimenses da vitimao e da agresso e, ainda, verificou-se que a vinculao segura parece funcionar como um factor protector para a vitimao e a agressividade e a vinculao ansiosa parece relacionar-se com a vitimao. ABSTRACT: Although radically different, bullying and attachment are relational in nature phenomena. lf the bullying is described as a systematic abuse of power, which is intentionally and repeatedly between peers, attachment refers to the establishment of strong emotional ties with certain significant others, especially at times perceived as dangerous. The research, despite the small number of studies show a relationship between these concepts. Instrumental peer aggression seems to be associated with insecure attachments. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between bullying and patterns of binding. lt was conducted in three schools in the district of vora with the students of 7th Grade (237 students). We used two questionnaires self-report: the QEVE - Questionnaire of Social Exclusion and Violence in School and IVIA - lnventory on Attachment for Children and Adolescents. These results corroborate previous studies, for aggressive behavior among peers. Show that there are statistically significant correlations between the dimensions of victimization and aggression and also found that a secure attachment appears to be a protective factor for victimization and aggression and anxious attachment seems to relate to the victimization.

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O estudo tem como objectivo avaliar a percepo da imagem do corpo e os problemas comportamentais em adolescentes vtimas de abuso sexual infantil, de Negligncia e no vtimas de violncia (NW). A amostra englobou 33 adolescentes do sexo feminino, entre os 11- 18 anos (M=15,21, SD=2,325). Destas, 22 esto institucionalizadas, onde 11 sofreram abusos sexuais e 11 negligncia. As restantes residem com a famlia. Na recolha de dados utilizou-se o Questionrio sobre Imagem do Corpo, de Bruchon-Schweitzer, o YSR, de Achenbach, e uma Ficha de caracterizao, criada para o estudo, sobre os abusos. Na anlise dos dados utilizou-se estatstica no paramtrica. Os resultados sugerem que as adolescentes vtimas de violncia avaliam e percepcionam o corpo mais negativamente que as adolescentes NW. No se verificaram diferenas estatisticamente significativas na percepo da imagem do corpo e problemas comportamentais entre vtimas de violncia. Esta parece influenciar a imagem corporal e os problemas comportamentais. Contudo, os resultados no so representativos. /ABSTRACT: The study aims to assess the perception of body image and behavior problems in adolescent victims of child sexual abuse, neglect and not victims of violence (NW). The sample comprised 33 adolescent females between 11-18 years (M= 15.21, SD = 2.325). Of these, 22 are institutionalized, where 11 had suffered sexual abuse and 11 neglect. The remaining living with the family. ln data collection we used the Questionnaire on Body lmage in Bruchon Schweitzer, the YSR, Achenbach, and characterization of a sheet, created for the study, about the abuse. ln analyzing the data we used nonparametric statistical. The results suggest that adolescents who are victims of violence and assess the body more negatively perceived that adolescents NW. There were no statistically significant differences in perception of body image and behavior problems among victims of violence. This appears to influence body image and behavior problems. However, the results are not representative.

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A prevalncia da obesidade est a aumentar nos pases desenvolvidos e Portugal no excepo. O presente trabalho teve como principal objectivo caracterizar a situao relativamente aos parmetros antropomtricos e hbitos alimentares de vrias categorias profissionais do sector da sade de uma instituio hospitalar do distrito de Lisboa. Com efeito, verificou-se que existem diferenas ao nvel do ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC), da massa gorda e muscular e do permetro de cintura entre as profisses estudadas (assistentes operacionais, enfermeiros, mdicos e tcnicos de diagnstico e teraputica). De acordo com a classificao do IMC, o grupo estudado situou-se no cut-off superior do peso normal (IMC de 24,9 kg/m2). A obesidade esteve presente em 29% dos assistentes operacionais, 9% nos mdicos e 5% nos enfermeiros e tcnicos de diagnstico e teraputica. Tambm se observaram diferenas entre os gneros feminino e masculino, j que neste ltimo o IMC foi de 26,5 kg/m2 e no primeiro foi de 24,6 kg/m2. Quanto aos hbitos alimentares, atravs do questionrio de frequncia alimentar (QFA) e aps comparar com as recomendaes da pirmide dos alimentos mediterrnica e com a roda dos alimentos, foi notrio o desvio do padro alimentar face ao que preconizado por estas representaes. Assim, a maioria dos indivduos no ingere produtos lcteos, po, cereais e derivados com a frequncia que seria adequada. Tambm se observaram diferenas no reporte de ingesto dos mesmos alimentos entre as categorias profissionais, salientando que todas estas apresentam padres de ingesto desviantes das recomendaes defendidas pela pirmide dos alimentos mediterrnica e pela roda dos alimentos. Na sociedade actual, o local de trabalho cada vez mais obesognico devido quer mudana na natureza do trabalho, quer s condies em que este decorre. Face aos resultados obtidos foi elaborado um plano de interveno scio- organizacional que visa promover hbitos alimentares e estilos de vida saudveis. /ABSTRACT: Obesity prevalence is increasing all over developed countries, and Portugal is no exception. The present study had as major objective to describe the situation relative to anthropometric measures and dietary habits of several job strains operating in the health sector of a Lisbon districts central hospital. Indeed, it has been verified that there are differences as concern to Body Mass Index (BMI), fat and muscle mass and waist circumference among the job strains studied (operational assistants, nurses, physicians and diagnostic and therapeutic technicians). According to BMI classification, the sample showed to be lined up with the superior BMI cut-off value for normal weight (BMI of 24,9 kg/m2). Obesity was present in 29% of operational assistants, 9% in physicians, 5% in nurses and diagnostic and therapeutic technicians. There were differences in both feminine and masculine genders, as in the latter the BMI was 26,5 kg/m2 and in the first, 24,6 kg/m2. As concern to dietary habits, through the application of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), after comparing with mediterranean food pyramid and wheel of foods it was notorious the deviation of dietary habits from these representations. Thus, most individuals do not consume dairy products, bread, cereals and derivates with an appropriate eating frequency. There were also differences in eating reporting of the same foods between job strains, focusing that all of these show eating patterns that deviates from the recommendations argued by mediterranean food pyramid and wheel of foods. In the present societies, workplace appears to be obesogenic due to the changes in labours nature and to the conditions that this one takes place. Towards the results obtained, it was developed a social and organizational intervention which entails to promote healthy eating habits and lifestyles.