A feminização na educação básica: Os docentes do género masculino na educação de crianças

O presente estudo tem por tema as representações de docentes do género masculino que exercem a sua actividade na educação pré-escolar ou no 1º ciclo do ensino básico acerca da sua carreira profissional, num contexto educativo e institucional histórica e socialmente feminizado. A grande finalidade do estudo era abordar e dar a conhecer o serviço desses profissionais, na sequência dos seus contactos com colegas, pais e crianças, e indagar se na perspectiva dos inquiridos, o fenómeno da feminização dos níveis de educação em que laboram pode ser avaliado como um problema ou disfunção social, ou como resultado das políticas educativas praticadas no nosso País, a longo e curto prazo. Como objectivos específicos a que se procurou dar resposta estiveram, nomeadamente, a indagação das razões que poderão ter levado estes docentes a ingressar nas carreiras profissionais em causa, o grau de aceitação que experienciaram nas suas instituições de formação inicial, no mercado de trabalho e nas comunidades em que desenvolvem a sua actividade profissional. Os dados através dos quais se procurou dar consecução a tais objectivos foram recolhidos com base na realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a doze docentes da educação básica, sendo seis educadores e seis professores. A análise dos testemunhos dos inquiridos pareceu indicar, por um lado, que os mesmos terão beneficiado, no geral, de um enquadramento profissional não discriminatório e de uma boa aceitação por parte dos colegas, dos pais e das crianças, e, por outro, que, no seu entender, o estado de feminização deste sector educativo é uma consequência natural do contexto político, cultural e social que o País tem vindo a atravessar nas últimas décadas. ABSTRACT; This study is subject to the representations of male teachers who pursue their activities in pre-school education or the 1st cycle of basic education about their career, educational and institutional context in a historical and socially feminized. The major purpose of the study was addressing and raising awareness of the service of these professionals, as a result of their contacts with colleagues, parents and children, and whether, in view of respondents, the phenomenon of feminization of the levels of education may be operating in assessed as a problem or social dysfunction, or as a result of educational policies practiced in our country, the long and short term. As specific objectives to be sought to answer were, in particular the question of the reasons that may have led these teachers to enter the career in question, the degree of acceptance that experienced in their initial training, labour market and communities in which they conduct their business. The data through which we tried to achieve such objectives have been collected based on the performance of semi-structured to twelve basic education teachers, six educators and six teachers. The analysis of the testimonies of the respondents seem to indicate, first, that they have benefited, in general, a non-discriminatory business environment and a good acceptance by colleagues, parents and children, and secondly, that in their view, the state of feminization of education is a natural consequence of the political, cultural and social that the country has been experiencing in recent decades.

Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes on the sexuality of nursing students and teachers

Introduction: The personal attitudes regarding specific aspects of sexuality are of interest to practices of personal concern, as they are to practices inserted in professional roles. General attitudes towards sexuality and sexual health were evaluated. Objectives: To describe the perceptions and attitudes of students and nursing teachers about sexuality. Methods: We used a mixed methods design with a sequential strategy: QUAN→qual of descriptive and explanatory type. 646 students and teachers participated. The Sexual Attitudes Scale (EAS) of Hendrick & Hendrick (Alferes, 1999) and Attitude Scale Address Sexual and Reproductive Health (EAFSSR) of Nemčić et al (Abreu, 2008) were used. Results: There are significant differences in the level of knowledge about sexuality depending on the sample (χ2KW (2)=18.271; p=.000): students of 1st year have lower levels. The profile of the four dimensions of EAS per sample is identical in all 3 samples, having responsibility the highest average value. In subscales EAFSSR per sample and sex there are significant diferences (p<.05) for all samples and uniform pattern was noted: females have higher median values, indicating that they have more favorable attitudes towards sexual health. Conclusions: Sexual attitudes reveal a multidimensional structure based in the female identity, that shows responsibility towards family planning and sexual education, as well as towards individual self-care regarding the body and sexual and reproductive health. An attitudinal profile by gender emerges, accentuating the polarity between male and female. The importance of the training process in nursing following the personal and social development of students is corroborated.