QUALITY EVALUATION OF 'SUNBURST' CHERRIES HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT RIPENESS STAGES .

The sweet cherry ‘Sunburst’ is highly appreciated by consumers due to its organoleptic traits. Regional producers tend to harvest cherries sooner in order to increase their profits. With the aim of understanding the consequences of this we have tested the effect of different ripeness stages at the moment of harvesting on fruit quality. Quality parameters tested included external colour (L*, a*, b*), fruit texture, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA). To evaluate nutritional quality total antioxidant activity was measured too. Once again, and in agreement with results obtained in previous studies, we conclude that there is no advantage in picking less ripe cherries.

Educação para cidadania democrática: necessidade e desafio para a escola do século XXI

Esta dissertação quer-se fundamentalmente um esforço de estimular a preocupação por uma educação enraizada no conhecimento e práticas duma cidadania democrática. Uma educação que sirva de sustentáculo para a criação de uma cultura democrática a partir da tenra idade, onde as crianças aprendam a aprender os princípios democráticos e a traduzi-los no seu quotidiano, na sua forma de ser e de estar com os outros, fazendo prova de uma grande e efectiva maturidade de saber conviver na diferença e no respeito recíproco. Para lhe conferir o cunho científico de que não deve se abdicar, procedemos a uma revisão da literatura disponível sobre o assunto. Foi através dela que descobrimos os pressupostos epistemológicos que nos serviram de necessários e indispensáveis “inputs” para o entendimento conceitual e o real significado duma «educação para a cidadania democrática», tema que escolhemos para a nossa reflexão. Também não deixamos de olhar para os nossos documentos legais, isto é, a Constituição da República de Angola e a Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo em vigência, no intuito de extrair os dispositivos que, de maneira “a priori”, justificam a preocupação nacional, pelo menos no plano teórico, por uma educação para a cidadania democrática; ABSTRACT: Education for democratic citizenship: necessity and challenge for the XXI’s school This dissertation is just like an effort to stimulating a preoccupation of an education based on knowledge and policies of a democratic citizenship. We are talking about the education which is required to be a foundation to build a democratic culture. This is a project to start from the childhood up to the teenage where the children are invited to learn and to put into the practice the democratic policies in their daily activities and lives. The project can allow them to look at the democratic policies as their habitual way of being and standing or gathering with others, showing big and effective maturity of how to live in difference and mutual respect. To confer the required scientific marc to this issue, we decided do visit part from the tools of the literacy available for this studies. Through this way, we discovered the epistemological presupposes which are necessary an indispensable support for the needed conceptual understanding and real meaning of «education for democratic citizenship», the topic of this dissertation. Our legal documents, such as, the Angolan Constitution and the Educative System Bases Law, helped us to take out the devices that, “a priori”, legitimize the national worry in education for democratic citizenship, though still in theory yet, more than in practice as we learnt from ours interviewed.

Estratégia empresarial: contribuição para a análise estratégica das cooperativas vitivinícolas do Alentejo

O presente estudo tem como objetivos analisar a estratégia competitiva das adegas cooperativas do Alentejo, através da análise das ações que têm sido por elas desenvolvidas, propor linhas adicionais de ação estratégica e perspectivar as suas possibilidades de sucesso. A inovação e a flexibilidade das adegas cooperativas para se adaptarem ao crescente dinamismo dos contextos empresariais, conduziu a uma gestão mais profissional e a encarar a estratégia como necessária para uma maior competitividade. Nesse sentido, a cooperação entre as adegas cooperativas é vista como um meio de aumentar a competitividade no mercado internacional. A investigação permitiu constatar que o sector vitivinícola a nível mundial esta na fase de maturidade, com excesso de capacidade produtiva, procura global decrescente e queda de pregos, apresenta, no entanto, alterações significativas nos hábitos de consumo. As adegas cooperativas utilizam estratégias de diferenciação, apostam em produtos de qualidade e com elevados índices de notoriedade entre os consumidores. As principais diferenças competitivas entre elas estão relacionadas com a dimensão e a relação entre esta e a capacidade de recursos para investir ao nível do Marketing-Mix por forma a construir vantagens competitivas duradouras através da notoriedade dos seus vinhos. Para além disso, verifica-se também nas adegas de maior dimensão uma gestão estratégica mais orientada para a competitividade sustentável e maior visão estratégica. O método utilizado (estudo de caso comparativo, de natureza exploratória e, essencialmente qualitativo) não permite uma generalização extensiva dos seus resultados para além das cooperativas estudadas. Os resultados devem ser entendidos, de forma ponderada, no seu contexto específico e para os casos em concreto, pois, cada organização tem características únicas que influenciam o funcionamento da gestão. ABSTRACT - The present study has has been to analyse the competitive strategy of the Alentejo cooperative cellars, through the analysis of the shares that have been developed for the cooperative cellars, propose additional lines of strategic action and preview their possibility of success. The innovation and the flexibility of the cooperative cellars to the dynamic growth of the business contexts, accelerated shattering process of the enterprise contexts, lead to a more professional management and to face the strategy as necessary for a bigger competitiveness. In this direction, the cooperation between the cooperative cellars is seen as a way to increase the competitiveness in the international market. The inquiry allowed to evidence a world industry in maturity phase, with excess of productive capacity, presents a decreasing demand, alteration of the consumption habits and fall of the prices. The cooperative cellars use differentiation strategies, bet in products of quality and with raised indices of notoriety between the consumers. The main competitive differences between them are related with the dimension and the relation between this and the capacity of resources to invest to the level of Marketing-Mix for form to construct lasting competitive advantages through the notoriety of its wines. For moreover, a strategic management more guided for the sustainable competitiveness is also verified in the cellars of bigger dimension and bigger strategic vision. Due to the applied method (comparative case study, in searching manner and, essencialy qualitative) it cannot be purposed an extensive generalization of the results to another non-studied population. The results must be understood in a balanced way, in their Enterprise Strategy: Contribution for the Strategic Analysis of the Alentejo Wines Cooperatives specific context, and for real cases, since each company has its own features that influences the management work.

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Management on the Quality of Seedless Crimson Table Grapes

The market for table grapes is moving into mass production of specialty seed-less grapes in covered areas, aiming at obtaining premium prices with early or late production of high quality products. Production of quality seedless grapes is not straightforward since it is requires the correct combination of various independent characteristics, such as color, sugars, size and quantity at the right moment for successful harvesting and marketing. The present study was carried out at the two largest Portuguese producers located in Alentejo, and has the objective of studying the effect of irrigation management strategies and two different soils on the various relevant parameters for successful production and marketing. The management strategies were the application of ten day stress at the end of the cycle, in order to promote early maturing of the grapes. Three different timings of the stress were applied. Soil moisture, sap flow, bark thickness, as well as leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were measured regularly during the production season. The results indicate that the roots explore a rather large soil volume and the plants can successfully withstand reasonable periods of drought without significant changes to the plant physiology. Additionally late rains can mask the effect of any farmer applied drought and invalidate any farmer induced stress to the plants. Water-logged soils tend to cause early onset of maturity, but cause the ripening stage to extend over a longer period of time, and thus, in effect result in a delay in the harvest date. Topography also has some effect on the ripening, since hot air tends to accumulate under the plastic at the higher areas of the field. This work is funded by PRODER, 4.1, within the scope of project MORECRIMSON