Reflexões Estratégicas de Desenvolvimento Local no Contexto da Preservação da Identidade de Penedos (Mértola)

Resumo O trabalho de investigação que está a decorrer, tem como objeto de estudo as questões da identidade e da memória de uma aldeia alentejana, enquanto território de partilha de uma comunidade rural, tendo em conta a participação estratégica dos atores locais. Estudaremos a partir daí, a sua relação com a terra, o quotidiano, a mudança, a organização social, a ruralidade, os fatores portadores de futuro e novas propostas de desenvolvimento local, para territórios de baixa densidade. Pretende-se encontrar formas contributivas para preservar a identidade da aldeia e concomitantemente encontrar conjuntamente com os atores locais territorializados, alternativas de desenvolvimento local, capazes de contrariar a tendência de despovoamento e empobrecimento territorial. Com este trabalho de investigação, que se insere no âmbito da Sociologia da Ação, será utilizada metodologicamente o MACTOR e a sua aplicabilidade na determinação da estratégia de atores e respetivas relações de forças com o território e o que a ele diz respeito e ainda a observação participante/método de pesquisa de terreno e consequentemente o inquérito por entrevista. Pretendendo-se aprofundar e conhecer os problemas da interioridade e abandono populacional, designadamente na aldeia de Penedos que se situa na margem direita do rio Guadiana, freguesia de S. Miguel do Pinheiro e concelho de Mértola, no Baixo Alentejo. Abstract The research that is taking place, has as its object of study the issues of identity and memory of an Alentejo village, while sharing the territory of a rural community, taking into account the strategic participation of local actors. We'll look from there, his relationship with the earth, the everyday, change, social organization, rurality, the factors bearing on the future and new proposals for local development to areas of low density. The aim is to find ways contributory to preserve the identity of the village and found concomitantly in conjunction with local stakeholders territorialized, alternative local development, able to counteract the trend of depopulation and impoverishment territorial. With this research work, which falls within the Sociology of Action, will be used to methodologically MACTOR and its applicability in determining the strategy of respective actors and power relations with the territory and that he has concerns and participant observation / method of field research and thus the survey interview. Intending to go deeper and understand the problems of interiority and abandoned population, particularly in the village of Penedos which lies on the right bank of the Guadiana River, parish of S. Miguel do Pinheiro, county of Mértola, in the Baixo Alentejo.

Avaliar o impacto das novas medidas de política educativa para o 1º ciclo do ensino básico e educação de adultos na oferta local dos ambientes de aprendizagem (Anos lectivos de 2004-2005 e 2006-2007) : o caso do Concelho de Gavião

Tendo como principal fio condutor a pergunta de partida (Qual o impacto das novas medidas de política educativa para o 1° Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Educação de Adultos na oferta local dos ambientes de aprendizagem?) procuramos encontrar uma resposta para a problemática na qual se centra esta investigação. A partir desta questão inicial delineámos o corpo da dissertação em duas partes: a primeira referente ao enquadramento teórico e a segunda respeitante ao estudo empírico. No âmbito do enquadramento teórico, procedemos a uma reflexão cruzada entre educação e território, no sentido de perceber as suas potenciais (inter) ligações, bem como à análise de alguns dos normativos que dão suporte legal a esta problemática, finalizando com a apresentação do campo de estudo. Ao nível do estudo empírico, seguimos uma metodologia partilhada (qualitativa quantitativa), apoiada essencialmente numa aproximação conceptual ao estudo de caso. Os dados recolhidos, por melo de inquérito por questionários aplicados, permitiram-nos conceber várias leituras do território: Cartografia Institucional do Concelho de Gavião e Cartografia Educacional do Concelho de Gavião referente aos anos Ietivos de 2004-2005 e 2006-2007, respetivamente, dado o estuda ter decorrido ao Iongo de um período de três anos Ietivos. Da análise dos dados disponíveis, centramos as nossas conclusões em, pelo menos, duas dimensões totalmente opostas. Por um lado, o novo paradigma de “escola a tempo inteiro” assume, atualmente, neste território um papel preponderante, devolvendo aos ambientes formais de educação uma clara liderança no que concerne à quantidade e diversidade de aprendizagens desenvolvidas; por outro, assistimos a um claro abandono das aprendizagens realizadas em espaços não formais, as quais eram dirigidas quase exclusivamente às faixas etárias mais avançadas, que agora vêm as várias possibilidades de aprender, o que quer que seja, como uma oportunidade cada vez mais distante. Face à problemática em estudo, a nossa dissertação termina com a formulação das sugestões e recomendações que nos parecem mais oportunas. /ABSTRACT - The main question of this work is: "Which is the impact of new rules of education politics and rules, in first level (6-10years old) and adult education, in local offers into learning contexts?” we look for an answer to this problematic which is the matter of our research. Throughout this question, this essay was divided into two parts: the first one refers the theoretic frame, and the second one is about the empiric study. On the theoretic frame, we made a profound consideration between education and district, in order to understand its potentials (inter) connections, as well as the analysis of some normatives, which Iegally supports this problematic, ending with a presentation of the subject. On the empiric study, our approach is a mix methodology (qualitative and quantitative one) mainly supported on the concept of the “case study” Data collected by inquiry and questionnaire, allowed us to realize several knowledge of the municipality: Institutional Cartography of Gavião's Municipality and Educational Cartography of Gavião's Municipality, it refers to the academic years 2004-2005 and 2006-2007, because the study was done during those two years. From data analyses, we centered our conclusions into, at least, two opposite ways. On one hand, a new paradigm of “full time school” (from 9:00am to 5:30pm) claims, actually, in this municipality an important rule, it restores in the formal educational environment a great control, concerning the quantity and diversity of developed learning, on the other hand, we saw a destitution of developed learning on no formal environment, which were almost exclusively direct to the elder one, now this population felt learning possibilities rather far away. Our essay ends with some suggestions and recommendations which seams to us proper into this context.

Use of Coarse-resolution models of species' distributions to guide local conservation inferences

Distribution models are used increasingly for species conservation assessments over extensive areas, but the spatial resolution of the modeled data and, consequently, of the predictions generated directly from these models are usually too coarse for local conservation applications. Comprehensive distribution data at finer spatial resolution, however, require a level of sampling that is impractical for most species and regions. Models can be downscaled to predict distribution at finer resolutions, but this increases uncertainty because the predictive ability of models is not necessarily consistent beyond their original scale. We analyzed the performance of downscaled, previously published models of environmental favorability (a generalized linear modeling technique) for a restricted endemic insectivore, the Iberian desman (Galemys pyrenaicus), and a more widespread carnivore, the Eurasian otter ( Lutra lutra), in the Iberian Peninsula. The models, built from presence–absence data at 10 × 10 km resolution, were extrapolated to a resolution 100 times finer (1 × 1 km). We compared downscaled predictions of environmental quality for the two species with published data on local observations and on important conservation sites proposed by experts. Predictions were significantly related to observed presence or absence of species and to expert selection of sampling sites and important conservation sites. Our results suggest the potential usefulness of downscaled projections of environmental quality as a proxy for expensive and time-consuming field studies when the field studies are not feasible. This method may be valid for other similar species if coarse-resolution distribution data are available to define high-quality areas at a scale that is practical for the application of concrete conservation measures

Phase-field analysis of finite-strain plates and shells including element subdivision

With the theme of fracture of finite-strain plates and shells based on a phase-field model of crack regularization, we introduce a new staggered algorithm for elastic and elasto-plastic materials. To account for correct fracture behavior in bending, two independent phase-fields are used, corresponding to the lower and upper faces of the shell. This is shown to provide a realistic behavior in bending-dominated problems, here illustrated in classical beam and plate problems. Finite strain behavior for both elastic and elasto-plastic constitutive laws is made compatible with the phase-field model by use of a consistent updated-Lagrangian algorithm. To guarantee sufficient resolution in the definition of the crack paths, a local remeshing algorithm based on the phase- field values at the lower and upper shell faces is introduced. In this local remeshing algorithm, two stages are used: edge-based element subdivision and node repositioning. Five representative numerical examples are shown, consisting of a bi-clamped beam, two versions of a square plate, the Keesecker pressurized cylinder problem, the Hexcan problem and the Muscat-Fenech and Atkins plate. All problems were successfully solved and the proposed solution was found to be robust and efficient.

Atmospheric electrical field measurements near a fresh water reservoir and the formation of the lake breeze

In order to access the effect of the lakes in the atmospheric electrical field, measurements have been carried out near a large man-made lake in southern Portugal, the Alqueva reservoir, during the ALqueva hydro-meteorological EXperiment 2014. The purpose of these conjoint experiments was to study the impact of the Alqueva reservoir on the atmosphere, in particular on the local atmospheric electric environment by comparing measurements taken in the proximity of the lake. Two stations 10 km apart were used, as they were located up- and down-wind of the lake (Amieira and Parque Solar, respectively), in reference to the dominant northwestern wind direction. The up-wind station shows lower atmospheric electric potential gradient (PG) values than the ones observed in the down-wind station between 12 and 20 UTC. The difference in the atmospheric electric PG between the up-wind and the down-wind station is ~30 V/m during the day. This differential occurs mainly during the development of a lake breeze, between 10 and 18 UTC, as a consequence of the surface temperature gradient between the surrounding land and the lake water. In the analysis presented, a correlation is found between the atmospheric electric PG differences and both wind speed and temperature gradients over the lake, thus supporting the influence of the lake breeze over the observed PG variation in the two stations. Two hypotheses are provided to explain this observation: (1) The air that flows from the lake into the land station is likely to increase the local electric conductivity through the removal of ground dust and the transport of cleaner air from higher altitudes with significant light ion concentrations. With such an increase in conductivity, it is expected to see a reduction of the atmospheric electric PG; (2) the resulting air flow over the land station carries negative ions formed by wave splashing in the lake's water surface, as a result of the so-called balloelectric effect. These negative ions will form a space-charge density (SCD) that can reduce the atmospheric electric PG. A formulation is derived here in order to estimate the local SCD.