Relatório de estágio realizado na Direcção Regional de Cultura de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo

O relatório de conclusão de Mestrado Integrado em Gestão e Valorização do Património Histórico e Cultural aqui apresentado tem como principal objectivo a descrição e análise das várias actividades realizadas na Direcção Regional de Cultura de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. Cada actividade descrita neste relatório, esta ligada a diferentes áreas de actuação da Direcção Regional de Cultura de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. Todos eles foram realizados por mim durante os sete meses de estágio. As várias actividades estão divididas em três pontos: estudo, classificação e reabilitação do património. Este relatório tem inicialmente uma análise sobre gestão e valorização do património, procurando contextualizar as várias actividades desempenhadas durante o estágio. Essa analise mostra a evolução do conceito de património e as apolíticas para a sua protecção e valorização, destacando o contributo do património na evolução económica e cultural dos centros urbanos. ABSTRACT; Report done for the Master Degree in Management and Valorisation of Cultural and Historic Heritage. The report main purpose is to describe and to analyse the internship activities in the Regional Direction of Culture of Lisbon and Tagus Valley, carried out in seven months. The report is structure in three main points: study, classification, and heritage rehabilitation. Begins with the history of the heritage concept since the beginning of the 20th century and follows with the study of the evolution of the protection and valorization politics in Portugal, standing out the contribution of the heritage in the economic and cultural improvement in urban centres. Contextualization of the several activities performed in the internship.

Characterizing Human Cysticercosis In Portugal

Abstract text Introduction: Cysticercosis results from the ingestion Taenia solium eggs directly by faecal-oral route or contaminated food or water. While, still considered a leading cause of acquired epilepsy in developed countries, this zoonosis has been controlled or eradicated in industrialized countries due to significant improvements in sanitation, pig rearing and slaughterhouse control systems. Objectives: the health burden of human cysticercosis in Portugal. Material and Metodes: We developed a retrospective study on human neurocysticercosis (NCC) hospitalisations based on the national database resulting from National Health Service (NHS) hospital episodes except those of Madeira and Azores Islands. Results: Between 2006 and 2013 there were 357 hospitalized NCC cases in Portugal. Annual frequency of cases between 2006-2013 kept stable (mean 45). NCC was most frequent in those aged 25-34 years (59; 16,5%) and those >75 years (65; 18,2%). Overall, mean age was 47,3 years (median age 45, standard deviation 41,1, mode 28) and 176 cases were in males (49,3%); no significant differences were observed between age and gender (t-student, p>0,05). In Norte Region cases tended to be older than in Lisboa and Vale do Tejo Region. Conclusions: The Directorate-General of Health established the National Observatory of Cysticercosis and Teniiasis which will define criteria for NCC cases monitoring and surveillance (hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases).

Paradigma da formação em contexto hospitalar: Análise da realidade percepcionada pelos enfermeiros de cuidados gerais

A presente investigação empírica, desenvolvida na área da formação contínua, procura compreender como se processa a formação continua em contexto de trabalho dos enfermeiros de uma organização hospitalar, centrando-se na percepção e representações dos enfermeiros de cuidados gerais sobre a qualidade, autopercepção do impacte e importância da formação no desenvolvimento de competências e motivação para a participação na formação contínua, como forma de promover o desenvolvimento de competências. Considerando-se que a problemática do paradigma da formação, subsiste na falta de articulação entre os processos comunicacionais, motivadores, procedimentais e dos recursos à disposição dos usuários e gestores da formação, a nível micro dos serviços da organização e macro da tutela o que contribui para a inexistência de resultados quantificáveis, em termos de eficácia e eficiência da formação no desenvolvimento de competências dos colaboradores e crescimento da organização. Apesar da formação contínua, nas organizações, objectivar o desenvolvimento de competências, implicar a construção de um quadro de referência a partir de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, de forma a incluir a complexidade dos fenómenos, a investigação dos factores determinantes que concorrem para a performance dos enfermeiros, parece ser uma abordagem imprescindível para compreender e analisar a problemática na sua dimensão. O estudo empírico consistiu numa investigação exploratória/descritiva, partindo de uma amostragem não probabilística, optando-se por uma metodologia quantitativa, através da aplicação de questionários a 208 enfermeiros da prestação de cuidados, de uma organização hospitalar pública EPE, da Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. Esta investigação permitiu verificar que no geral, os enfermeiros têm uma percepção positiva sobre a qualidade da formação contínua desenvolvida no serviço onde desempenham funções. Maioritariamente consideram importante a formação contínua como factor de desenvolvimento de competências, sentem-se motivados e participam activamente na formação. No entanto, não se conseguiu efectuar qualquer tipo de inferências ou correlações entre as variáveis de estudo constatando-se que os enfermeiros responderam frequentemente e Sempre, na grande maioria das questões, havendo heterogenia nas respostas a questões semelhantes. O estudo demonstrou que apesar da percepção positiva dos enfermeiros sobre a formação contínua desenvolvida no serviço, não se consegue ter a verdadeira percepção de como é conduzida a formação em serviço qual o seu impacte na melhoria do desempenho dos enfermeiros e se a organização evidencia uma cultura de formação voltada para uma estratégia de melhoria continua das qualificações dos enfermeiros. À luz dos resultados, foi desenvolvido um projecto de intervenção sócio-organizacional na área da gestão da formação, numa perspectiva de estratégia de desenvolvimento organizacional, melhoria das competências individuais e proposto um portfólio de descrição de funções do enfermeiro responsável pela formação. ABSTRACT: This study, based on the issues of continuous professional training in the hospital setting, as a factor to develop nurses competencies, intends to understand how the training program in the hospital milieu is conducted, focusing on perceptions and concepts of quality, impact, importance and motivation to participate in ongoing professional training, according to general care registered nurses point of view. The study main goal is to identify how is developed professional training in a medical institution from Sub-Região de Saúde de Lisboa and Vale do Tejo, and evaluate the impact of the training program. Considering that a problematic exists in the articulation between the communication processes, motivational drives, procedures and resources at the disposition of the participants and managers of the professional development program, at a micro level of services in the organization and at a macro level of the government policies and organizational strategies leaders; which contributed to the absence of quantifiable results and little evidence, in terms of efficiency of the professional development program to enhance the professional competencies of those participating in the study. The investigation of the factorial determinants related to nurse’s efficient performance enhanced by participating in continuous professional training, seems to be an imperative approach to understand and analyze the problematic in its own dimension. The empirical study consisted in an exploratory/descriptive investigation, departing from a random sample, by means of a quantitative methodology approach; through the use of questionnaires being administered to 208 nurses in general care, from a public medical organization. This study, allowed to verify that nurses have a positive perception of the professional development programs established in their workplace, and the competencies of those nurses in charge of delivering the program. The majority, considered the maintenance of a continuous professional development program, imperative to maintain good professional skills; they feel motivated and actively participate in professional development programs. However, it was not possible to make any correlations between the variables of the study, noticing that the nurses answered frequently and always, to the majority of the questions. The study demonstrated that even though nurses have a positive perception of professional development in terms of their workplace, it was inconclusive to ascertain the training quality programs delivered at medical facilities. ln conclusion, a plan of intervention centered on a socio-organizational model, was developed to create a uniform, procedural approach to developing high standards competencies for the registered nurses, by a professional training program, that include monitoring the process and assessing the results of the program. Management competencies according to a balanced scorecard it's another proposal of this study.

A perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde nas inovações de gestão: Estudo de caso numa unidade de saúde

A necessidade de conciliar uma procura cada vez maior com as restrições de recursos humanos e financeiros levou a que se implementasse um conjunto de inovações que permitisse alcançar maior eficiência. No presente estudo aborda-se uma dessas iniciativas: os Hospitais SA. As implicações originadas por esta medida, ocorreram em termos de alterações de gestão e adopção de novos conceitos. Estas são algumas das dimensões estudadas. Em termos metodológicos pretende-se perceber como é que alguns dos profissionais de Saúde avaliam as modificações que ocorreram. Para tal, optou-se por levar a cabo um estudo de caso de um Hospital SA da região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, numa abordagem qualitativa, visando identificar a perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde nas inovações de gestão, relacionadas com as novas tecnologias, das quais se destacam: • Utilização da Internet; • Implementação e utilização da Intranet; • Desenvolvimento de Arquivos Digitais relativos a processos médicos; • Cartão Vital; • Aplicação Medivital. Para a recolha de dados será utilizada uma entrevista sarni-estruturada “que atribui maior liberdade ao investigador para conduzir a entrevista como achar ser mais conveniente, para a obtenção de dados que se revelem pertinentes" (Patton, 1990). Abstract; The need to conciliate the increasing search for healthcare over time with the restrictions of human and financial resources conducted to the implementation of a set of innovations that allowed a greater efficiency. ln the present study, one of those initiatives is presented: in the Hospitais SA. The implications of this measure occurred in terms of management modifications and in the adoption of new concepts. These are some of the studied dimensions. ln methodological terms, it’s intended to perceive how health professionals evaluate the modifications that occurred. For such, it was opted to present a case study of a Hospital SA from Lisboa e Vale do Tejo region, in a qualitative approach, aiming to identify the health professionals perspective of the management innovations related to the new technologies, from which the following, stand out: • Internet usage; • Implementation and use of Internet; • Development of Digital Archives related to medical processes; • Vital Card; • Medivital application. For data gathering a half-structuralized interview will be used "which gives greater freedom to the researcher to conduct the interview as he finds most convenient, in order to obtain relevant data" (Patton, 1990).

Characterizing human cysticercosis in Portugal 2006-2013

Cysticercosis results from the ingestion Taenia solium eggs directly by faecal-oral route or contaminated food or water. While, still considered a leading cause of acquired epilepsy in developed countries, this zoonosis has been controlled or eradicated in industrialized countries due to significant improvements in sanitation, pig rearing and slaughterhouse control systems. We developed a retrospective study on human neurocysticercosis (NCC) hospitalisations based on the national database resulting from National Health Service (NHS) hospital episodes except those of Madeira and Azores Islands. Between 2006 and 2013 there were 357 hospitalized NCC cases in Portugal. Annual frequency of cases between 2006-2013 kept stable (mean 45). NCC was most frequent in those aged 25-34 years (59; 16,5%) and those >75 years (65; 18,2%). Overall, mean age was 47,3 years (median age 45, standard deviation 41,1, mode 28) and 176 cases were in males (49,3%); no significant differences were observed between age and gender (t-student, p>0,05). In Norte Region cases tended to be older than in Lisboa and Vale do Tejo Region. The Directorate-General of Health established the National Observatory of Cysticercosis and Teniiasis which will define criteria for NCC cases monitoring and surveillance (hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases).

Human cysticercosis in Portugal: long gone or still contemporary?

Cysticercosis, a leading cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries, has been controlled or eradicated in industrialized countries. This paradigm has recently been challenged, with human neurocysticercosis (NCC) being increasingly diagnosed in these countries. In order to assess the NCC burden in Portugal, a retrospective study on NCC hospitalizations (2006–2013) was conducted based on the national database on hospital morbidity: 357 hospitalized cases were detected. NCC was most frequent in the following age groups: 20–64 years (n = 197, 55·2%) >64 years (n = 111, 31·1%), and <20 years (n = 49, 13·7%). In the Norte and Centro regions cases tended to be older than in the Lisboa and Vale do Tejo Region. The results raise concerns for imported and autochthonous disease, suggesting the Lisboa and Vale do Tejo Region, due to its higher frequency of cases at younger ages, as a priority for research and intervention, and further suggest that NCC should be under surveillance (notifiable). The National Observatory of Cysticercosis and Taeniasis has been established and will define NCC cases as well as monitoring and surveillance.

NEW DATA ON THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE VALE DO FORNO SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE (LOWER TAGUS RIVER TERRACE STAIRCASE) AND ITS RELEVANCE AS FLUVIAL ARCHIVE OF THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE IN WESTERN IBERIA

NEW DATA ON THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE VALE DO FORNO SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE (LOWER TAGUS RIVER TERRACE STAIRCASE) AND ITS RELEVANCE AS FLUVIAL ARCHIVE OF THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE IN WESTERN IBERIA Pedro P. Cunha 1, António A. Martins 2, Jan-Pieter Buylaert 3,4, Andrew S. Murray 4, Luis Raposo 5, Paolo Mozzi 6, Martin Stokes 7 1 MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal: pcunha@dct.uc.pt 2 MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Dep. Geociências, University of Évora, Portugal; aam@uevora.pt 3 Centre for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus, Denmark; jabu@dtu.dk 4 Nordic Laboratory for Luminescence Dating, Aarhus University, Risø DTU, Denmark; anmu@dtu.dk 5 Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisboa, Portugal; 3raposos@sapo.pt 6 Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Italy; paolo.mozzi@unipd.it 7 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK; m.stokes@plymouth.ac.uk The stratigraphic units that record the evolution of the Tagus River in Portugal (study area between Vila Velha de Ródão and Porto Alto villages; Fig. 1) have different sedimentary characteristics and lithic industries (Cunha et al., 2012): - a culminant sedimentary unit (the ancestral Tagus, before the drainage network entrenchment) – SLD13 (+142 to 262 m above river bed – a.r.b.; with probable age ca. 3,6 to 1,8 Ma), without artefacts; - T1 terrace (+84 to 180 m; ca. 1000? to 900 ka), without artefacts; - T2 terrace (+57 to 150 m; top deposits with a probable age ca. 600 ka), without artefacts; - T3 terrace (+43 to 113 m; ca. 460 to 360? ka), without artefacts; - T4 terrace (+26 to 55 m; ca. 335 a 155 ka), Lower Paleolithic (Acheulian) at basal and middle levels but early Middle Paleolithic at top levels; - T5 terrace (+5 to 34 m; 135 to 73 ka), Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian; Levallois technique); - T6 terrace (+3 to 14 m; 62 to 32 ka), late Middle Paleolithic (late Mousterian); - Carregueira Sands (aeolian sands) and colluvium (+3 a ca. 100 m; 32 to 12 ka), Upper Paleolithic to Epipaleolithic; - alluvial plain (+0 to 8 m; ca. 12 ka to present), Mesolithic and more recent industries. The differences in elevation (a.r.b.) of the several terrace staircases results from differential uplift due to active faults. Longitudinal correlation with the terrace levels indicates that a graded profile ca. 200 km long was achieved during terrace formation periods and a strong control by sea base level was determinant for terrace formation. The Neogene sedimentary units constituted the main source of sediments for the fluvial terraces (Fig. 2). Geomorphological mapping, coupled with lithostratigraphy, sedimentology and luminescence dating (quartz-OSL and K-feldspar post-IRIR290) were used in this study focused on the T4 terrace, which comprises a Lower Gravels (LG) unit and an Upper Sand (US) unit. The thick, coarse and dominantly massive gravels of the LG unit indicate deposition by a coarse bed-load braided river, with strong sediment supply, high gradient and fluvial competence, during conditions of rapidly rising sea level. Luminescence dating only provided minimum ages but it is probable that the LG unit corresponds to the earlier part of the MIS9 (ca. 335 to 325 ka), immediately postdating the incision promoted by the very low sea level (reaching ca. -140 m) during MIS10 (362 to 337 ka), a period of relatively cold climate conditions with weak vegetation cover on slopes and low sea level. Fig. 1. Main Portuguese reaches in which the Tagus River can be divided (Lower Tagus Basin): I – from the Spanish border to Arneiro (a general E–W trend, mainly consisting of polygonal segments); II – from Arneiro to Gavião (NE–SW); III – from Gavião to Arripiado (E–W); IV – from Arripiado to Vila Franca de Xira (NNE-SSW); V – from Vila Franca de Xira to the Atlantic shoreline. The faults considered to be the limit of the referred fluvial sectors are: F1 – Ponsul-Arneiro fault (WSW-ENE); F2 – Gavião fault (NW-SE); F3 – Ortiga fault (NW-SE); F4 – Vila Nova da Barquinha fault (W-E); F5 – Arripiado-Chamusca fault (NNE-SSW). 1 – estuary; 2 – terraces; 3 – faults; 4 – Tagus main channel. The main Iberian drainage basins are also represented (inset). The lower and middle parts of the US unit, comprising an alternation of clayish silts with paleosols and minor sands to the east (flood-plain deposits) and sand deposits to the west (channel belt), have a probable age of ca. 325 to 200 ka. This points to formation during MIS9 to MIS7, under conditions of high to medium sea levels and warm to mild conditions. The upper part of the US unit, dominated by sand facies and with OSL ages of ca. 200 to 154 ka, correlates with the early part of the MIS6. During this period, progradation resulted from climate deterioration and relative depletion of vegetation that promoted enhanced sediment production in the catchment, coupled with initiation of sea-level lowering that increased the longitudinal slope. The Vale do Forno and Vale da Atela archaeological sites (Alpiarça, central Portugal) document the earliest human occupation in the Lower Tagus River, well established in geomorphological and environmental terms, within the Middle Pleistocene. The Lower Palaeolithic sites were found on the T4 terrace (+26 m, a.r.b.). The oldest artefacts previously found in the LG unit, display crude bifacial forms that can be attributed to the Acheulian, with a probable age of ca. 335 to 325 ka. The T4 US unit has archaeological sites stratigraphically documenting successive phases of an evolved Acheulian, that probably date ca. 325 to 300 ka. Notably, these Lower Palaeolithic artisans were able to produce tools with different sophistication levels, simply by applying different strategies: more elaborated reduction sequences in case of bifaces and simple reduction sequences to obtain cleavers. Fig. 2. . Simplified geologic map of the Lower Tagus Cenozoic basin, adapted from the Carta Geológica de Portugal, 1/500000, 1992). The study area (comprising the Vale do Forno and Vale de Atela sites) is located on the more upstream sector of the Lower Tagus River reach IV, between Arripiado and Chamusca villages. 1 – alluvium (Holocene); 2 – terraces (Pleistocene); 3 – sands, silts and gravels (Paleogene to Pliocene); 4 – Sintra Massif (Cretaceous); 5 – limestones, marls, silts and sandstones (Mesozoic); 6 – quartzites (Ordovician); 7 – basement (Proterozoic to Palaeozoic); 8 – main fault. The main Portuguese reaches of the Tagus River are identified (I to V). The VF3 site (Milharós), containing a Final Acheulian industry, with fine and elaborated bifaces) found in a stratigraphic level located between the T4 terrace deposits and a colluvium associated with Late Pleistocene aeolian sands (32 to 12 ka), has an age younger than ca. 154 ka but much older than 32 ka. In the study area, the sedimentary units of the T4 terrace seem to record the river response to sea-level changes and climatically-driven fluctuations in sediment supply. REFERENCES Cunha P. P., Almeida N. A. C., Aubry T., Martins A. A., Murray A. S., Buylaert J.-P., Sohbati R., Raposo L., Rocha L., 2012, Records of human occupation from Pleistocene river terrace and aeolian sediments in the Arneiro depression (Lower Tejo River, central eastern Portugal). Geomorphology, vol. 165-166, pp. 78-90.

Confirmação do modelo da estrutura 3D do vale inferior do Tejo a partir de dados de ruído sísmico ambiente

Ao longo de sua história a região do Vale Inferior do Tejo VIT foi abalada por vários sismos consideravelmente destrutivas, tendo alguns deles produzido significativas deformações nas estruturas marítimas localizadas no litoral a sudoeste do território Português; outros, moderados, foram produzidos por fontes locais, como os de 1344, 1531 e 1909. Nos últimos anos, devido à melhoria dos modelos de estrutura 3D e o desenvolvimento dos métodos numéricos, foram elaborados vários estudos de síntese de movimento forte do solo para a região do Baixo Tejo utilizando o método de diferenças finitas. Para confirmar o modelo de velocidades desta bacia usámos medidas de ruído sísmico, aplicámos um método baseado na razão espectral H/V, e, a partir destas curvas, por inversão, obtivemos um modelo de velocidades para a região estudada. Os resultados revelam uma boa concordância entre o modelo obtido e os dados geofísicos e geológicos recolhidos na mesma área._ ABSTRACT: Along his history the Lower Tagus Valley (LTV) area was shaken by several earthquakes. The largest reported had their origin in the southwestern part of Iberia. Other moderate earthquakes were produced by local sources such as the 1344, 1531 and the 1909. ln the last years, due to 3D structural model improvement and development in numerical methods, several studies have successful obtained strong-ground motion synthesis for the LVT region using finite difference method. To confirm the velocity model of the LTV sedimentary basin obtained by geophysical and geological data, we use broad-band microtremor measurements and application of the horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio method. We have obtained a velocity model for the studied region by inversion of the H/V curve. The results have good agreement geological and geophysical data.

As Escadarias de Terraços do Ródão à Chamusca (Baixo Tejo) - Caracterização e Interpretação de Dados Sedimentares, Tectónicos, Climáticos e do Paleolítico

As unidades estratigráficas que resultaram da evolução do rio Tejo em Portugal, aqui analisadas em pormenor entre Vila Velha de Ródão e Chamusca, possuem distintas características sedimentares e indústrias líticas: uma unidade culminante do enchimento sedimentar (o ancestral Tejo, antes do início da etapa de incisão fluvial) - SLD13 (+142 a 262 m acima do leito actual; com provável idade 3,6 a 1,8 Ma), sem indústrias identificadas; terraço T1 (+76 a 180 m; ca. 1000? a 900 ka), sem indústrias; terraço T2 (+57 a 150 m; idade estimada em ca. 600 ka), sem indústrias; terraço T3 (+36 a 113 m; ca. 460 a 360? ka), sem indústrias; terraço T4 (+26 a 55 m; ca. 335 a 155 ka), Paleolítico Inferior (Acheulense) em níveis da base e intermédios mas Paleolítico Médio inicial em níveis do topo; terraço T5 (+5 a 34 m; 135 a 73 ka), Paleolítico Médio (com talhe Mustierense, Levallois); terraço T6 (+3 a 14 m; 62 a 32 ka), Paleolítico Médio final (Mustierense final); Areias da Carregueira (areias eólicas) e coluviões (+3 a ca. 100 m; 32 a 12 ka), Paleolítico Superior a Epipaleolítico; enchimento da planície aluvial (+0 a 8 m; ca. 12 ka a actual), Mesolítico e indústrias mais recentes. As diferenças na elevação (a.r.b.) das escadarias de terraços resultam de soerguimento diferencial, devido a falhas ativas. Numa dada escadaria datada, a projeção da elevação da superfície de cada terraço (a.r.b.) versus a sua idade permitiu estimar a idade do topo do terraço T2 (ca. 600 ka) e a provável idade do início da etapa de incisão (ca. 1,8 Ma). Obteve-se a duração da fase de agradação dos terraços baixos e médios: T6 – 30 ka; T5 – 62 ka; T4 – ca. 180 ka; T3 – ca. 100? ka. Conclui-se que durante o Plistocénico médio e final, as fases de incisão e alargamento do vale foram curtas (ca. 11-25 ka) e ocorreram durante períodos de nível do mar muito baixo, alternando com mais longas fases de inundação e agradação do vale durante níveis do mar mais altos. Estas oscilações eustáticas de causa climática estão sobrepostas a um contexto de soerguimento de longo termo, controlando o desenvolvimento das escadarias. Calculou-se que para os últimos ca. 155 ka as taxas de incisão de curto-termo apresentam valores (0,09 a 0,41 m/ka), aproximadamente, duplos dos calculados para o intervalo ca. 155 a 900 ka (0,04 a 0,28 m/ka). Este aumento na taxa de incisão deve estar relacionado com um aumento na taxa de soerguimento por intensificação da compressão devido à convergência entre as placas Africana e Eurasiática. Abstract: The terrace staircases of the Lower Tagus River (Ródão to Chamusca) – characterization and interpretation of the sedimentary, tectonic, climatic and Palaeolithic data The stratigraphic units that record the evolution of the Tagus River in Portugal (study area between Vila Velha de Ródão and Chamusca villages) have different sedimentary characteristics and lithic industries: a culminant sedimentary unit (the ancestral Tagus, before the drainage network entrenchment) – SLD13 (+142 to 262 m above river bed – a.r.b.; with probable age 3.6 to 1.8 Ma), without artefacts; T1 terrace (+76 to 180 m; ca. 1000? to 900 ka), without artefacts; T2 terrace (+57 to 150 m; top deposits with a probable age ca. 600 ka), without artefacts; T3 terrace (+36 to 113 m; ca. 460 to 360? ka), without artefacts; T4 terrace (+26 to 55 m; ca. 335 a 155 ka), Lower Paleolithic (Acheulian) at basal and middle levels but early Middle Paleolithic at top levels; T5 terrace (+5 to 34 m; 135 to 73 ka), Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian; Levallois technique); T6 terrace (+3 to 14 m; 62 to 32 ka), late Middle Paleolithic (late Mousterian); Carregueira Sands (aeolian sands) and colluvium (+3 a ca. 100 m; 32 to 12 ka), Upper Paleolithic to Epipaleolithic; alluvial plain (+0 to 8 m; ca. 12 ka to present), Mesolithic and more recent industries. The differences in elevation (a.r.b.) of the several terrace staircases results from differential uplift due to active faults. The age interval for each aggradation phase of T3 to T6 terraces was obtained: T3 – ca. 100? ka; T4 – ca. 180 ka; T5 – 62 ka; T6 – 30 ka. The intervals of river down-cutting and widening of the valley floor were short (ca. 11-25 ka) and coincided with periods of very low sea-level. The plotting of the elevation (a.r.b.) versus the age of each terrace surface allows to estimate the age of the T2 terrace (ca. 600 ka) and the probable age of the beginning of the incision stage (ca. 1.8 Ma). So, the high amplitude sea-level changes that characterized the Middle and Late Pleistocene strongly determined the episodic down-cutting phases of the river during the low stands sea levels that alternated with the flooding and aggradation phases of the incised valley during highstand sea levels. These climate related eustatic oscillations are superimposed onto a long term uplift pattern, controlling the river terrace staircase development. During the last ca. 155 ka, the short-term incision rates (0.09 a 0.41 m/ka) were twice the values determined for the interval 155 to 900 ka (0.04 to 0.28 m/ka). This increase in incision rate should be related with an increase in uplift rate resulting from an intensification of compression due to the convergence between African - Eurasian plates.

A cidade e o rio: origem e evolução da frente ribeirinha de Lisboa

Em Lisboa, ao longo dos séculos, o homem foi conquistando as águas do Tejo. Hoje, após os diversos aterros, a frente ribeirinha da cidade é uma consolidada faixa de terreno, rematada por muros que, contra a «ondulação» do Tejo, definem uma expandida área que acolhe uma intensa actividade portuária. Foi nesta faixa junto do rio que se desenrolou parte importante da história de Lisboa, desde as ocupações romana e muçulmana, e também muito particularmente aquando do período dos Descobrimentos, da reconstrução pombalina pós-terramoto e do surto industrial do século XIX. Alguns destes momentos históricos encontram-se reflectidos nas inúmeras plantas, cartas e mapas disponíveis neste estudo, desde a Planta da Cidade de Lisboa : 1650, de João Nunes Tinoco, até ao Plano de Melhoramentos do Porto de Lisboa, de 1946. É com base nessas plantas, mas também em cartas manuscritas, relatos de época, gravuras e fotografias antigas – documentos em grande parte inéditos –, que este trabalho de investigação propõe cartografar este território, realizando desenhos originais que possibilitam um novo olhar sobre o seu processo de crescimento e consolidação. Assim, este estudo concilia todos estes elementos, constituindo uma análise completa que se debruça sobre a evolução da frente ribeirinha de Lisboa e que permite descobrir inúmeros aspectos até aqui desconhecidos, ajudando a responder à pergunta que hoje se coloca: perante o cenário que o porto actual atravessa, como melhor poderá Lisboa recuperar a relação com o rio?; THE CITY AND THE RIVER: ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LISBON'S RIVERFRONT ABSTRACT: In Lisbon, over the centuries, man was conquering the waters of the Tagus. Today, after the various landfills, the city's riverfront is a consolidated strip of land, finished by walls that, against the "ripple" of the Tagus, define an expanded area that hosts an intense port activity. It was in this band along the river that unfolded important part of the history of Lisbon, from the Roman and Muslim occupations, and also very particularly during the period of the Discoveries, the post-earthquake reconstruction, and the industrial boom of the nineteenth century. Some of these historical moments are reflected in many plans, charts and maps available in this study, since the plan designated Planta da Cidade de Lisboa : 1650, made by João Nunes Tinoco, to the plan called Plano de Melhoramentos do Porto de Lisboa, drawn in the year of 1946. Based on these plans, but also in handwritten letters, time reports, antique prints and photographs – documents that are mostly unpublished – this research work proposes map this territory, performing original drawings that provide a new look at their growth process and consolidation. Thereby, this study combines all these elements, providing a complete analysis which focuses on the evolution of the Lisbon riverfront and that allows you to discover many aspects unknown until now, helping to answer the question that now arises: according to the present scenario that the harbour is going through, how can Lisbon recover the relationship with the river?

A vivência emocional dos enfermeiros nos cenários da prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico: o caso dos enfermeiros de um serviço de oncologia médica do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E.

Com a presente investigação pretendemos conhecer a vivência das emoções dos enfermeiros nos cenários da prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico e simultaneamente contribuir para uma melhoria das práticas de intervenção e de gestão emocional em enfermagem nos contextos de trabalho em Oncologia, procurando dar resposta à pergunta inicial de investigação: Qual a vivência emocional dos enfermeiros nos cenários da prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico? Nas opções metodológicas optámos pelo paradigma qualitativo, onde a entrevista narrativa foi a técnica privilegiada de recolha de informação, tendo permitido compreender com profundidade a forma como os enfermeiros vivem a prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico. As experiências emocionais consideradas mais marcantes foram na generalidade aquelas que mais penosas se constituíram para os entrevistados, relacionadas com uma relação mais próxima e profunda com o doente e com situações de morte e sofrimento. Consequentemente os sentimentos e emoções referidos foram na sua maioria negativa. Na prática de cuidar do doente oncológico verificou-se a influência marcada dos mitos sociais e pessoais associados à doença cancro, tendo sido reconhecida de forma global a complexidade e especificidade inerentes a esta prestação de cuidados, tão gratificante, quanto desgastante. O uso de mecanismos de gestão das experiências emocionais refletiu-se no recurso a estratégias pessoais e externas, usadas na sua maioria com o objetivo de o desgaste emocional. Foram sugeridas várias medidas de intervenção organizacional no reconhecer uníssono da necessidade de acompanhamento e suporte por parte da organização de saúde. Os resultados desta investigação acrescentam assim todo um conjunto de novos dados que ajudam na compreensão da problemática da vivência emocional dos enfermeiros, na certeza de que esta melhorará a prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico, com consequente otimização organizacional. /ABSTRACT - With this present investigation we intend to study the emocional life of nurses while providing health care to oncological patients and simultaneously contribute to an improvement of the intervention and emotional management practices in nursing in the contexts of working in Oncology, trying to answer the initial question of the inquiry: What is the emotional life of nurses in health care scenerjy to oncological patients? As far as the methodology is concerned we chose the qualitative paradigm, in which the narrative interview was the privileged technique to gather information. That allowed us to deeply understand the way nurses live the providing of health care to the oncological patient, their emotional experiences, what they feel and express, what moves and consumes them, as well as the forms of emotional management. The most striking emotional experiences have, in general, been those considered most painful by the interviewed nurses, usually related to a closer and deeper relation with the patient and situations of death and suffering. The consequent feelings and emotions have been mostly negative. Health care provided to oncologic patients is strongly influenced by social and personal myths related to cancer and both the complexity and specificity inherent to this kind of health care has been acknowledged as rewarding, as consuming. The use of means of emotional management is visible in the resource to personal and external strategies, used to diminish the emotional consumption. They have also suggested some measures of organizational intervention in the unison recognition of the need of accompaniment and support from the health care institution. The results of this investigation, thus add whole a set of new data that helps in the understanding of the problematic of the emotional life of nurses, in the certainty that this will improve the providing of care to the oncolologically sick person, with consequent organizational optimization.