Semi-implicit finite strain constitutive integration and mixed strain/stress control based on intermediate configurations

A new semi-implicit stress integration algorithm for finite strain plasticity (compatible with hyperelas- ticity) is introduced. Its most distinctive feature is the use of different parameterizations of equilibrium and reference configurations. Rotation terms (nonlinear trigonometric functions) are integrated explicitly and correspond to a change in the reference configuration. In contrast, relative Green–Lagrange strains (which are quadratic in terms of displacements) represent the equilibrium configuration implicitly. In addition, the adequacy of several objective stress rates in the semi-implicit context is studied. We para- metrize both reference and equilibrium configurations, in contrast with the so-called objective stress integration algorithms which use coinciding configurations. A single constitutive framework provides quantities needed by common discretization schemes. This is computationally convenient and robust, as all elements only need to provide pre-established quantities irrespectively of the constitutive model. In this work, mixed strain/stress control is used, as well as our smoothing algorithm for the complemen- tarity condition. Exceptional time-step robustness is achieved in elasto-plastic problems: often fewer than one-tenth of the typical number of time increments can be used with a quantifiable effect in accuracy. The proposed algorithm is general: all hyperelastic models and all classical elasto-plastic models can be employed. Plane-stress, Shell and 3D examples are used to illustrate the new algorithm. Both isotropic and anisotropic behavior is presented in elasto-plastic and hyperelastic examples.

A desocultação dos saberes profissionais: um espaço do ensino superior

The practical knowledge has characteristics of a process with peculiar idiosyncrasies that require disruption with preconceived ideas, dialogue, negotiation and joint action. The knowledge underlying remains unclear despite of being what informs decision making. It is academia’s responsibility to unveil and nominate knowledge and that is the reason why we conducted two studies with clinical nurses. The aim is to understand the social representation that nurses make of their knowledge about nursing and analyze their clinical practices. In one of the studies, based on the theoretical-methodological referential of social representations, we used the technique of free association of words with the stimulus “knowledge in nursing”. In another study, developed within a naturalistic context and under the “Grounded Theory” referential, we used non-participative observation and explanatory interviews. From the first study we identified the structure of social representations of knowledge in nursing, from which emerged the central core constituted by four elements (Investigation, Wisdom, help Relation, Competence) and a second periphery with one element (Reflection). With the second study we identified that decisions are made within a dynamic, systematic and continuous process of diagnostic evaluation and clinical intervention using the various types of knowledge (e.g. clinic, experiential, scientific, personal). We concluded that the various types of knowledge in nursing, represented by the expressions mentioned above, are systematically and creatively mobilized within the dynamic process of diagnostic evaluation and clinical intervention. It is therefore important to unveil and nominate the different knowledge implicit in the clinical practice and Academia should be responsible for that task.

A desocultação dos saberes profissionais: um espaço do ensino superior

UNVEILING PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGES: A SCOPE OF HIGHER EDUCATION The practical knowledge has characteristics of a process with peculiar idiosyncrasies that require disruption with preconceived ideas, dialogue, negotiation and joint action. The knowledge underlying remains unclear despite of being what informs decision making. It is academia’s responsibility to unveil and nominate knowledge and that is the reason why we conducted two studies with clinical nurses. The aim is to understand the social representation that nurses make of their knowledge about nursing and analyze their clinical practices. In one of the studies, based on the theoretical-methodological referential of social representations, we used the technique of free association of words with the stimulus “knowledge in nursing”. In another study, developed within a naturalistic context and under the “Grounded Theory” referential, we used non-participative observation and explanatory interviews. From the first study we identified the structure of social representations of knowledge in nursing, from which emerged the central core constituted by four elements (Investigation, Wisdom, help Relation, Competence) and a second periphery with one element (Reflection). With the second study we identified that decisions are made within a dynamic, systematic and continuous process of diagnostic evaluation and clinical intervention using the various types of knowledge (e.g. clinic, experiential, scientific, personal). We concluded that the various types of knowledge in nursing, represented by the expressions mentioned above, are systematically and creatively mobilized within the dynamic process of diagnostic evaluation and clinical intervention. It is therefore important to unveil and nominate the different knowledge implicit in the clinical practice and Academia should be responsible for that task.