Actividade física e autonomia instrumental das pessoas idosas

Pretende-se perceber se existe uma relação entre o nível regular de actividade física praticado pelas pessoas idosas e a sua autonomia instrumental. Desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo, correlacional e transversal, no ano 2010, com amostra intencional constituída por 100 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de ambos sexos. A colheita de dados foi efectuada em dois ginásios e dois centros de dia localizados na cidade de Lisboa, e foram utilizados como instrumentos a Escala de Actividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária de Lawton e Brody e o International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Obteve-se uma média de idades de 76 anos, sendo 78% dos inquiridos do sexo feminino. Inseriram-se 30% na categoria de actividade física “ligeira”, 45% na “moderada” e 25% na “vigorosa”. Relativamente à autonomia instrumental, a maioria era moderadamente dependente. Verificou-se que o grau de autonomia instrumental dos idosos aumenta com o incremento da actividade física praticada (ρS=0.815; p-value<0.001); Abstract: This work seeks to realize if there is a relationship between the level of regular physical activity practiced by elderly persons and its instrumental autonomy. A descriptive, related and transversal study was developed in the year 2010, with an intentional sample consisting of 100 individuals, aged 60 years or above, of both genders. The data collection was carried out in two gymnasiums and two day care centers located in the city of Lisbon, and were used the Lawton and Brody’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A mean age of 76 years was obtained and 78% of the respondents were female. 30% were classified as having a "low" physical activity level, 45% as "moderate" and 25% as "high". Regarding instrumental autonomy, most were moderately dependent. It was verified that the degree of instrumental autonomy of the elderly increases with increased physical activity (ρS=0.815; p-value<0.001).

Increased physical activity and fitness above the 50th percentile prevents the institutionalization of elderly people: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Introduction Institutionalization in a nursing home restricts autonomy, most notably free will, free choice, and free action. Decreased physical activity and fitness are predictive of disability and dependence (Rikli & Jones, 2013; Tak, Kuiper, Chorus, & Hopman-Rock, 2014); however little is known about the impact of these factors on institutionalization. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the impact of physical activity and fitness and on the risk of elderly people without cognitive impairment become institutionalized. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 195 non-institutionalized (80.14.4yrs) and 186 institutionalized (83.85.2yrs) participants. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and measures of physical fitness were determined by the Senior Fitness Test. Results: Multivariate binary logistic analysis selected 4 main predictors of institutionalization in both genders. The likelihood of becoming institutionalized increased by +18.6% for each additional year of age, while it decreased by -24.8% by each fewer kg/m2 in BMI, by -0.9% for each additional meter performed in the aerobic endurance test and by -2.0% for each additional 100MET-min/wk of physical activity expenditure (p<0.05). Values ≤50th percentile (age ≥81yrs, BMI≥26.7kg/m2, aerobic endurance ≤367.6m, and physical activity ≤693MET-min/wk) were computed using Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis as cut-offs discriminating institutionalized from non-institutionalized elderly people. Conclusion The performance of physical activity, allied to an improvement in physical fitness (mainly BMI and aerobic endurance) may prevent the institutionalization of elderly people without cognitive impairment only if they are above the 50th percentile; the following is highly recommend: expending ≥693MET-min/wk on physical activity, being ≤26.7kg/m2 on BMI, and being able to walk ≥367.6m in the aerobic endurance test, especially above the age of 80 years. The discovery of this trigger justifies the development of physical activity programs targeting the pointed cut-offs in old, and very old people. References Rikli, R., & Jones, C. (2013). Development and validation of criterion-referenced clinically relevant fitness standards for maintaining physical independence in later years. Gerontologist, 53, 255-267. Tak, E., Kuiper, R., Chorus, A., & Hopman-Rock, M. (2014). Prevention of onset and progression of basic ADL disability by physical activity in community dwelling older adults: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev, 12, 329-338.

Representaciones sociales de la depresión de los habitantes del barrio la legua de Santiago de Chile

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo aprehender y analizar las representaciones sociales sobre la depresión elaboradas por los habitantes del barrio La Legua en Santiago de Chile. Participaron en esta investigación 200 habitantes del barrio La Legua, de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años. Los dispositivos de recogida de datos fueron el Cuestionario de Asociación Libre de Palabras y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck BDI-II. Los datos obtenidos por el cuestionario fueron tratados por medio de los software Evoc, Simi y Tri-Deux y analizados de acuerdo al abordaje estructural de las representaciones sociales y análisis factorial de correspondecia (AFC). Los datos obtenidos por medio del BDI-II fueron procesados a través del software SPSS. En las conclusiones se problematiza la relación entre los distintos factores asociados a la depresión en el contexto particular de La Legua y las representaciones sociales construidas por sus habitantes. Se observó que los elementos de mayor consensualidad fueron tristeza, angustia, problemas y enfermedad. Las divergencias fueron moderadas. Se percibe que para los habitantes del barrio La Legua la depresión está fuertemente asociada a la esfera afectiva, pero se infiere que también es el resultado de la complejidad del entorno social; RESUMO: Esta pesquisa teve como objectivo principal apreender e analisar as representações sociais da depressão desenvolvidas pelos habitantes do bairro La Legua no Santiago de Chile. Participaram na pesquisa 200 habitantes do bairro, de ambos os sexos, com mais de 18 anos. A recolha de dados foi feita através de questionário, utilizando a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras e Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II. Os dados obtidos por associação livre de palavras foram tratados usando software Evoc, Simi e Tri-Deux e analisados segundo a abordagem estrutural das representações sociais e análise fatorial de correspondência (AFC). Os dados obtidos pelo BDI-II foram processados através do software SPSS. As conclusões questionam a relação entre os diferentes factores associados à depressão no contexto particular do bairro La Legua e as representações sociais desenvolvidas pelos seus habitantes. Observou-se que os elementos de maior consensualidade foram a tristeza, a angústia, os problemas e a doença. As divergências encontradas foram moderadas. Percebe-se que para os habitantes do bairro La Legua a depressão está fortemente associada à esfera afectiva mas infere-se igualmente que também resulta da complexidade do meio social; ABSTRACT: This research aims to understand and analyze social representations of depression held by inhabitants of La Legua neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. A total of 200 inhabitants, of both genders older than 18 years of age participated in the study. The instruments used were: Free Technique of Word Association and Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II. The data obtained by the free technique of word association were processed using software Evoc, Simi and Tri-Deux and analyzed through the structural perspective of the social representations and the factorial analysis of correspondence (AFC). The data obtained by the BDI-II were processed using software SPSS. In conclusion, the discussion is about the association of the different factors of depression in this specific context and the social representations elaborated by the inhabitants of La Legua neighborhood. It was observed that the most consensuality elements were sadness, anxiety, problems and disease. The differences were moderate. It is perceived that for inhabitants of La Legua neighborhood depression is strongly associated with the affective sphere, but it appears that it is also the result of the complexity of the social environment.

Atividade física e aptidão física funcional em pessoas idosas com défice cognitivo

Objetivo: Estudar os níveis de atividade física e a aptidão física funcional de pessoas idosas com défice cognitivo. Pretendemos também estudar a velocidade de processamento da informação deste grupo de pessoas. Método: Participaram no estudo 81 pessoas idosas (82.9  7.8 anos ) institucionalizadas, de ambos os sexos, sendo que 53 pessoas tinham défice cognitivo. Os dados da atividade física foram recolhidos através da acelerometria onde foi pedido a cada participante que usasse o aparelho durante 500 minutos diários, no mínimo 3 dias. Para avaliação da atividade física funcional foi utilizado a Berg Balance Scale, o Functional Reach Test e alguns testes do Senior Fitness Test. Foi ainda avaliado o tempo de reação simples. Resultados: Os participantes não cumprem com as recomendações diárias de atividade física e apresentam um comportamento sedentário muito elevado. As pessoas idosas sem défice cognitivo apresentam melhor velocidade de processamento da informação e melhores níveis de aptidão física funcional. A maioria das variáveis da aptidão física funcional correlaciona-se positivamente com a quantidade de atividade física realizada. Conclusões: Os níveis de atividade física e de aptidão física funcional, bem como a velocidade de processamento da informação são bastante baixos nas pessoas institucionalizadas com défice cognitivo; Physical activity and functional fitness in older adults with mild cognitive impairment Abstract: Objective: Study the physical activities levels and functional fitness in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. We also intend to study the processing speed from this group. Method: Eighty two nursing home residents (82.9  7.8 years), both genders, have participated in this study. Fifty three older adults had mild cognitive impairment. The data about physical activity were collected through accelerometer where it was established that each participant would have to use at least 500 minutes a day the unit for at least 3 days. Functional fitness was evaluated by Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test and some test of Senior Fitness Test. It was further evaluated simple reaction time Results: The sample of this study doesn’t accomplish the recommended standars for physical activity and they have a very high sedentary behavior. Older adults without mild cognitve impariment showed to have better results ininformation processing speed and functional fitness. Most variables of functional fitness is related positively with the amount of physical activity performed. Conclusions: The functional fitness, physical activity levels and information processing speed are too low in all nursing home residente with mild cognitive impairment.