As aprendizagens não formais e informais no ingresso à Escola Secundária Padre António Macedo: possíveis parcerias com outras instituições de Vila Nova de Santo André

Esta investigação teve como principal objectivo avaliar da presença dos contextos institucionais não formais e informais no conjunto das aprendizagens reveladas pelos estudantes que ingressaram, na Escola Secundária Padre António Macedo, no ano lectivo 2009-2010, e averiguar qual o contributo das instituições locais no seu percurso de aprendizagem. A abordagem metodológica assentou num dispositivo de matriz quantitativa, com o recurso ao inquérito por questionário a uma amostra de alunos. Observámos um potencial educativo na cidade proporcionado por instituições, onde se destacaram amigos, familiares e clubes desportivos, procurados pelos jovens para satisfazer a sua necessidade de conhecimento e ocupar tempos livres. Sendo as áreas com mais episódios de aprendizagens, extra escolares: saúde, cidadania, desporto e artes, os jovens reconheceramse detentores de conhecimentos propiciados pela comunidade e instituições locais; ABSTRACT: This research had, as main aim, to assess the presence of formal and informal institutional contexts in all the learnings revealed by the students who enrolled Escola Secundária Padre António Macedo in the year 2009-2010, and also to determine what contribution local institutions had in their learning. The methodological approach was based on a quantitative matrix device, by applying a questionnaire survey to a sample of students. We saw an educational potential offered by institutions in the city, where the highlights were friends, family and sports clubs, popular among young people to satisfy their need for knowledge and to occupy their free time. The areas with more episodes of extra school learning were: health, citizenship, sport and arts. Young people recognized themselves in possession of knowledge provided by the community and local institutions.

Detection of virulence-associated genes in pathogenic and commensal avian Escherichia coli isolates

Poultry colibacillosis due to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for several extra-intestinal pathological conditions, leading to serious economic damage in poultry production. The most commonly associated pathologies are airsacculitis, colisepticemia, and cellulitis in broiler chickens, and salpingitis and peritonitis in broiler breeders. In this work a total of 66 strains isolated from dead broiler breeders affected with colibacillosis and 61 strains from healthy broilers were studied. Strains from broiler breeders were typified with serogroups O2, O18, and O78, which are mainly associated with disease. The serogroup O78 was the most prevalent (58%). All the strains were checked for the presence of 11 virulence genes: 1) arginine succinyltransferase A (astA); ii) E. coli hemeutilization protein A (chuA); iii) colicin V A/B (cvaA/B); iv) fimbriae mannose-binding type 1 (fimC); v) ferric yersiniabactin uptake A (fyuA); vi) iron-repressible high-molecular-weight proteins 2 (irp2); vii) increased serum survival (iss); viii) iron-uptake systems of E. coli D (iucD); ix) pielonefritis associated to pili C (papC); x) temperature sensitive haemaglutinin (tsh), and xi) vacuolating autotransporter toxin (vat), by Multiplex-PCR. The results showed that all genes are present in both commensal and pathogenic E. coli strains. The iron uptake-related genes and the serum survival gene were more prevalent among APEC. The adhesin genes, except tsh, and the toxin genes, except astA, were also more prevalent among APEC isolates. Except for astA and tsh, APEC strains harbored the majority of the virulence-associated genes studied and fimC was the most prevalent gene, detected in 96.97 and 88.52% of APEC and AFEC strains, respectively. Possession of more than one iron transport system seems to play an important role on APEC survival.