Contributo para a caracteriza����o das ra��as serpentinas e charnequeira

Esta disserta����o retoma um estudo com 49 cabras e 45 cabritos da ra��a Serpentina, 24 cabras e 28 cabritos da ra��a Charnequeira, exploradas em regime extensivo. Pretende ser um contributo para a caracteriza����o destas ra��as. Com este objectivo calculou-se a fertilidade que foi de 92% nas duas ra��as e a prolificidade foi de 160% (62,5% partos duplos) na Serpentina e de 141% (57,1% partos duplos) na Charnequeira. A mortalidade dos cabritos, do nascimento at�� ao desmame, foi de 15,7%, na Serpentina e de 6,6%, na Chamequeira. Os pesos das cobri����es ao parto, na Serpentina aumentaram 17% e 13,6% na Chamequeira, apresentando varia����es significativas na ra��a, mas n��o entre ra��as. Os cabritos de partos simples obtiveram maiores ganhos m��dios di��rios do nascimento ao desmame. N��o houve varia����es significativas nos pesos entre machos e f��meas. Analisaram-se 24 carca��as de cabritos, machos inteiros. O Rendimento Corrigido foi de 52% para as duas e a rela����o M��sculo/Osso de 2,13 (Charnequeira) e 2,12 (Serpentina). O ��ndice Compacidade para a Charnequeira foi de 11,78 e 11,29 para a Serpentina, evidenciando esta melhor conforma����o. Definiram-se os seguintes cortes nas carca��as: I-P��; II-Perna; III- Costela+Sela; IV-Aba; V-Pesco��o. Analisou-se o m��sculo quanto �� gordura, prote��na, c��lcio e f��sforo. ABSTRACT: This dissertation retrieves a study involving 49 goats and 45 kids of Serpentina breed, 24 goats and 28 kids of Chamequeira breed exploited in an extensive management. It is intended as a contribution to the characterization of these breeds. To this end, various reproductive parameters were calculated. The fertility stood at 92% in both breeds and the prolificacy in the breed Serpentina was 160% (62.5% in twin births) and in the breed of Chamequeira was 141% (57.1% in twin births). We noted a mortality rate in kids from birth to weaning higher in the Serpentina breed (15.7%), while the Chamequeira breed recorded 6.6%. The evolution of the weights during the mating period to childbirth, increasing 17% in the Serpentina breed and 13.6% in Chamequeira breed. We noted significant variations in each breed, but not between each other. The kids resulting of simple birth had higher average daily weight gain from birth to weaning. We did not note significant variations of weight between males and females. We analysed the carcasses of 24 male kids. The corrected yield was 52% for both breeds and the muscle-bone ratio was 2,13 (Chamequeira) and 2,12 (Serpentina). The compactness index for the Chamequeira breed was 11.78 and 11.29 for the Serpentina breed, showing Serpentina breed had better conformation. We proposed the following cuts in the carcass: I-Shovel, II Leg, III- Rib +Sela, IV-Aba and V-Neck. We also analysed the muscle according to their fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus, aiming to show the dietary interest of this muscle.

Modelos estoc��sticos de crescimento individual e desenvolvimento de software de estima����o e previs��o

Os modelos de crescimento individual s��o geralmente adapta����es de modelos de crescimento de popula����es. Inicialmente estes modelos eram apenas determin��sticos, isto ��, n��o incorporavam as flutua����es aleat��rias do ambiente. Com o desenvolvimento da teoria do c��lculo estoc��stico podemos adicionar um termo estoc��stico, que representa a aleatoriedade ambiental que influencia o processo em estudo. Actualmente, o estudo do crescimento individual em ambiente aleat��rio �� cada vez mais importante, n��o apenas pela vertente financeira, mas tamb��m devido ��s suas aplica����es nas ��reas da sa��de e da pecu��ria, entre outras. Problemas como o ajustamento de modelos de crescimento individual, estima����o de par��metros e previs��o de tamanhos futuros s��o tratados neste trabalho. S��o apresentadas novas aplica����es do modelo estoc��stico monomolecular generalizado e um novo software de aplica����o deste e de outros modelos. ABSTRACT: Individual growth models are usually adaptations of growth population models. Initially these models were only deterministic, that is, they did not incorporate the random fluctuations of the environment. With the development of the theory of stochastic calculus, we can add a stochastic term that represents the random environmental influences in the process under study. Currently, the study of individual growth in a random environment is increasingly important, not only by the financial scope but also because of its applications in health care and livestock production, among others. Problems such as adjustment of an individual growth model, estimation of parameters and prediction of future sizes are treated in this work. New applications of the generalized stochastic monomolecular model and a new software applied to this and other models are presented.