3 resultados para Cloud cover

em Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora - Portugal


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Uma avaliação das metodologias de análise e recolha de dados aplicadas pelo Programa NOCTUAPortugal é de extrema importância para se apurar se estas são as mais indicadas em estudos de citizen science. Comparou-se os resultados de diferentes metodologias analíticas de estimação das tendências populacionais das espécies de aves noturnas durante o período de realização do Programa NOCTUA-Portugal (análise gráfica simples, modelos lineares generalizados (GLM-Poisson e GLMM), modelos aditivos generalizados (GAM-LOESS e GAM-mgcv) e software TRIM). Analisou-se a metodologia de censo de modo a avaliar o número de registos face à duração dos pontos de escuta, comparar a eficiência do ponto de deteção com outros estudos, variação das respostas ao longo da noite e efeito da época do ano, vento, nebulosidade e luminosidade da lua. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia analítica mais indicada era o GLMM e que não era necessário realizar nenhum ajuste em particular na metodologia de censo; Trends in nocturnal birds in Portugal Methods and analysis of a volunteer-based monitoring program ABSTRACT: An evaluation of the methodologies of analysis and data collection applied by NOCTUA-Portugal Program is extremely important to determine whether these are the most suitable in citizen science studies. We compared the results of different analytical methodologies to estimate population trends of the species of nocturnal birds during the period of the NOCTUA-Portugal Program (simple graphical analysis, generalized linear models (GLM-Poisson and GLMM), generalized additive models (GAM-LOESS and GAMmgcv) and software TRIM). We analyzed the field methodology to assess the effect of point duration on the number of records, compared the point count efficiency with other sources, the variation of responses throughout the night, the effect of time of year, wind, cloud cover and moon luminosity. The results showed that the most suitable analytical methodology was the GLMM and it was not necessary to make any particular adjustment in the field methodology.

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A climate study of the incidence of downward surface global solar radiation (SSRD) in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) based primarily on ERA-40 reanalysis is presented. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and ground-based records from several Portuguese and Spanish stations have been also considered. The results showthat reanalysis can capture a similar inter-annual variability as compared to ground-based observations, especially on a monthly basis, even though annual ERA-40 (NCEP/NCAR) values tend to underestimate (overestimate) the observations with a mean relative difference of around 20Wm–2 (40Wm–2). On the other hand, ground-based measurements in Portuguese stations during the period 1964–1989 show a tendency to decrease until the mid-1970s followed by an increase up to the end of the study period, in line with the dimming/brightening phenomenon reported in the literature. Nevertheless, there are different temporal behaviours as a greater increase since the 1970s is observed in the south and less industrialized regions. Similarly, the ERA-40 reanalysis shows a noticeable decrease until the early 1970s followed by a slight increase up to the end of the 1990s, suggesting a dimming/brightening transition around the early 1970s, earlier in the south and centre and later in the north of the IP. Although there are slight differences in the magnitude of the trends as well as the turning year of the dimming/brightening periods, the decadal changes of ERA-40 fairly agree with the ground-based observations in Portugal and Spain, in contrast to most of the literature for other regions of the world, and is used in the climatology of the SSRD in the study area. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis does not capture the decadal variations of SSRD in the IP. The results show that part of the decadal variability of the global radiation in the IP is related to changes in cloud cover (represented in ERA-40).

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Clouds are important in weather prediction, climate studies and aviation safety. Important parameters include cloud height, type and cover percentage. In this paper, the recent improvements in the development of a low-cost cloud height measurement setup are described. It is based on stereo vision with consumer digital cameras. The cameras positioning is calibrated using the position of stars in the night sky. An experimental uncertainty analysis of the calibration parameters is performed. Cloud height measurement results are presented and compared with LIDAR measurements.