Identificação macroscópica do lenho de espécies de uso comercial no estado do Pará catalogadas no acervo da xiloteca da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental.

O estado do Pará possui parte da reserva de madeira tropical encontrada na Amazônia, na qual boa parte é explorada para que se possa ser comercializadas, e várias dessas espécies são conhecidas apenas pelo nome vernacular ou popular. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a caracterização anatômica macroscópica do lenho de espécies comercializadas no estado do Pará, catalogadas no acervo da xiloteca da EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental. Foram selecionadas amostras de madeiras da xiloteca, com correspondência no herbário IAN, e confeccionados corpos de provas devidamente orientados nos planos transversal, longitudinal tangencial e radial. As espécies selecionadas foram Terminalia amazonia (J. F. Gmel) Exell, Brosimum potabile Ducke, Brosimum parinariode Ducke e Simarouba amara Aubl. O parênquima axial mais frequente nas espécies estudadas é do tipo aliforme; a porosidade é do tipo difuso, permitindo distinguir zonas fibrosas no plano transversal e a frequência de poros, "pouco numerosas", sendo que, em T. amazonia, o parênquima é do tipo escasso, com porosidade formada por anéis semiporosos e com frequência dos poros "numerosa". Apenas S. amara apresentou estratificação regular dos raios, as demais espécies são do tipo não estratificado. As espécies selecionadas foram devidamente caracterizadas, favorecendo o conhecimento taxonômico e morfológico de espécies cujas madeiras possuem grande rotatividade no mercado madeireiro do estado do Pará.

Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests.

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cy- cle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combina- tion of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measure- ments and 35 litter productivity measurements), their asso- ciated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonal- ity in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rain- fall is < 2000 mm yr-1 (water-limited forests) and to radia- tion otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, in- dependent of climate limitations, wood productivity and lit- terfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosyn- thetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest pro- ductivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in cur- rent light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000 mm yr-1.

Surface wettability of Brazilian tropical wood flooring treated with He plasma.

This study investigated the effect of plasma treatment on changes of surface wettability of wood flooring from two Brazilian tropical species, Hymenaea spp. (rode locus) and Tabebuia spp. (lapacho). Wood flooring samples were plasma treated at low pressure in a helium atmosphere. Energy level was set at 100 W and four glow discharge times (5, 15, 30 and 45 s) were tested. Changes in wettability were investigated by measuring apparent contact angle, droplet volume and spreading contact area. The results showed less susceptibility of lapacho wood to the plasma treatments, while reduction of apparent contact angle in rode locus wood reached up to 76% for longer discharge times. In general, discharge time of 15 s produced the same effect as discharge of 45 s on wettability, which is important for industrial applications. Visual analyses revealed increase of water droplet spreading on lapacho wood surface, even though the variation of spreading contact area was not significant. Plasma treatment is feasible to improve wettability of tropical woods. Nevertheless, these findings should be investigated further due to the intrinsic characteristics of woods from tropical species.