Sistema de producao para culturas irrigadas no submedio Sao Francisco. I. Tomate industrial.

O estudo realizado com a finalidade de formular sistemas de producao mais rentaveis para a cultura do tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) industrial, constatou-se que, para os dois sistemas de cultivo confrontados (sistema tradicional e sistema modificado), o custo total da producao foi menor no sistema modificado, tendo ocorrido aumento da produtividade e da receita liquida. O emprego da tecnologia gerada pela pesquisa ocasionou uma reducao dos custos da ordem de 40% variando de Cr$ 126.563,00/ha no sistema tradicional para Cr$ 75.262,00/ha no sistema modificado. Com a elevacao da produtividade e a reducao dos custos, a receita liquida variou de Cr$ 182.462,59/ha no sistema tradicional, para Cr$ 393.751,41/ha no modificado. Com isto a razao beneficio/custo, que foi de Cr$ 1,44 no sistema tradicional, elevou-se para Cr$ 5,23 no sistema modificado.

Carbon in humic fractions of organic matter in soil treated with organic composts under mango cultivation.

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a key role in maintaining the productivity of tropical soils, providing energy and substrate for the biological activity and modifying the physical and chemical characteristics that ensure the maintenance of soil quality and the sustainability of ecosystems. This study assessed the medium-term effect (six years) of the application of five organic composts, produced by combining different agro-industrial residues, on accumulation and chemical characteristics of soil organic matter. Treatments were applied in a long-term experiment of organic management of mango (OMM) initiated in 2005 with a randomized block design with four replications. Two external areas, one with conventional mango cultivation (CMM) and the other a fragment of regenerating Caatinga vegetation (RCF), were used as reference areas. Soil samples were collected in the three management systems from the 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m layers, and the total organic carbon content and chemical fractions of organic matter were evaluated by determining the C contents of humin and humic and fulvic acids. Organic compost application significantly increased the contents of total C and C in humic substances in the experimental plots, mainly in the surface layer. However, compost 3 (50 % coconut bagasse, 40 % goat manure, 10 % castor bean residues) significantly increased the level of the non-humic fraction, probably due to the higher contents of recalcitrant material in the initial composition. The highest increases from application of the composts were in the humin, followed by the fulvic fraction. Compost application increased the proportion of higher molecular weight components, indicating higher stability of the organic matter.

Humified fraction of organic matter due to plant mixture cultivation.

The aim of this study was to assess the organic matter changes in quantity and quality, particularly of the humic fraction in the surface layer (0?20 cm), of a Typic Plinthustalf soil under different management of plant mixtures used as green manure for mango (Mangifera indica L.) crops. The plant mixtures, which were seeded between rows of mango trees, were formed by two groups of leguminous and non -leguminous plants. Prior to sowing, seeds were combined in different proportions and compositions constituting the following treatments: 100% non-leguminous species (NL); 100% leguminous species (L); 75% L and 25% NL; 50% L and 50% NL; 25% L and 75% NL; and 100% spontaneous vegetation, considered a control. The plant mixtures that grew between rows of mango trees caused changes in the chemical composition of the soil organic matter, especially for the treatments 50% L and 50% NL and 25% L and 75% NL, which increased the content of humic substances in the soil organic matter. However, the treatment 25% L and 75% NL was best at minimising loss of total organic carbon from the soil. The humic acids studied have mostly aliphatic characteristics, showing large amounts of carboxylic and nitrogen groups and indicating that most of the organic carbon was formed by humic substances, with fulvic acid dominating among the alkali soluble fractions.

Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Nitrogen Soil Fractions under Corn Cultivation in a No-Tillage System.

ABSTRACT: The use of cover crops has recently increased and represents an essential practice for the sustainability of no-tillage systems in the Cerrado region. However, there is little information on the effects of nitrogen fertilization and cover crop use on nitrogen soil fractions. This study assessed changes in the N forms in soil cropped to cover crops prior to corn growing. The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design arranged in split-plots with three replications. Cover crops were tested in the plots, and the N topdressing fertilization was assessed in the subplots. The following cover species were planted in succession to corn for eight years: Urochloa ruziziensis, Canavalia brasiliensis M. ex Benth, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp, and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. After corn harvesting, the soil was sampled at depths of 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. The cover crops showed different effects at different soil depths. The soil cultivated with U. ruziziensis showed higher contents of total-N and particulate-N than the soil cultivated with C. cajan. Particulate-N was the most sensitive to changes in the soil management among the fractions of N assessed. The soil under N topdressing showed a lower content of available-N in the 0.10-0.20 m layer, which may be caused by the season in which the sampling was conducted or the greater uptake of the available-N by corn.

Mini tomato cultivars for the Sub-Mid São Francisco Valley, Brazil.

In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of mini tomato cultivars of determinate growth habit, in two crop seasons in the conditions of the Sub-Mid São Francisco Valley, Brazil.

Primeiro relato de Tomato chlorotic spot virus em alface no estado do Pará.

A alface é uma hortaliça folhosa de grande importância econômica e social no Brasil, pois bastante cultivada por pequenos produtores e em hortas familiares. Isto ocorre principalmente pela facilidade que a cultura apresenta em se adaptar às mais diferentes condições. As doenças causadas por vírus são as principais responsáveis pelas perdas na produção na cultura, entre elas destacam-se as causadas por vírus do gênero Tospovirus. Durante visitas realizadas a áreas produtoras de hortaliças localizadas na região metropolitana de Belém-Pará, foi observada a alta incidência de plantas com sintomas de viroses. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o agente causal do vira cabeça da alface, por meio de RT-PCR e sequenciamento do ácido nucléico. Para isso, foi feita a extração de ácidos nucleicos total a partir de folhas de alface com sintoma de vira-cabeça e, posteriormente foi realizado o RT-PCR utilizando os primers universais para o gênero Tospovirus. O produto do PCR foi sequenciado e avaliado nos programas Blast, ClustalW e Mega 7.0. A partir da análise da filogenia foi observado que os isolados formaram um clado com os acessos da espécie Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). Este foi o primeiro relato de TCSV em alface no Estado do Pará

Chemical characteristics of the clusters and production of 'BRS Clara' grapevine under protected cultivation during out of season crop.

2011

The mitochondrial elongation factor LeEF-Tsmt is regulated during tomato fruit ripening and upon wounding and ethylene treatment.

A gene encoding an elongation factor LeEF-Tsmt that participates in the protein synthesis process in mitochondria shows strong expression in ripening fruit as compared to other organs. It is strongly up-regulated during the first stages of the ripening process in parallel with the climacteric rise in respiration. LeEF-Tsmt expression is stimulated by ethylene, wounding and high temperature but ethylene-insensitive mutants exhibit normal expression. Transgenic fruit have been generated in which LeEF-Tsmt has been constitutively up- and down-regulated. Surprisingly, altering the expression of the gene by genetic transformation with antisense and sense LeEF-Tsmt constructs did not affect the pattern of respiration and ethylene production during ripening and upon wounding. In addition, expression of the alternative oxidase gene which is known to play an important role in respiratory climacteric was not affected. Possible reasons for the absence of effect on respiration of variations of LeEF-Tsmt gene expression are discussed.

Desenvolvimento de um meio semi-seletivo para a detecção de Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.

Desenvolveu-se um meio semi-seletivo para Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), objetivando seu uso em detecção do patógeno em sementes de tomate. A seletividade do meio foi obtida através de antibiogramas e testes de crescimento do patógeno, representado por 04 isolados procedentes de Guaíra, SP, Botucatu, SP, Coimbra,MG e Planaltina, GO. Também, foram comparadas diversas concentrações do agente antifúngico clorotalonil e do agente halofílico. O meio proposto tem a seguinte constituição, tendo como base o meio B de King: proteose peptona n.3, 10g; KH2PO4, 1,5g; MgSO4, 7H2O, 15g; glicerol, 10 ml; NaCl, 15 g; Clorotalonil, 200 ug/ml; agar, 15g; agua destilada, 1000 ml; acrescido dos antibioticos cefadroxil, 50 ug/ml; cefalexina, 50 ug/ml e clindamicina, 100 ug/ml. Este meio apresenta um índice de repressividade de 1,3%, alto índice de supressividade e sensibilidade de 10(2) UFC/ml de Pst.

Avaliação de genótipos de girassol em Mato Grosso, na safrinha de 2014.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos de girassol, em ensaio da Rede de Ensaios de Avaliação de Genótipos de Girassol, na safrinha de 2014, visando à indicação para cultivo no Estado de Mato Grosso. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso (IFMT), campus de São Vicente - MT, na safrinha de 2014, empregando-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram efetuadas avaliações de altura de planta, rendimento de aquênios, teor de óleo e rendimento de óleo. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% de significância. Os genótipos GNZ NEON, SYN 045, AGUARÁ 06, M734, MG 360 e MG 305 foram superiores na avaliação de rendimento de aquênios. Em teor de óleo, os genótipos MG 360, MG 305, HLA 2012, SYN 3950HO, PARAÍSO 20 e AGUARÁ 04 se destacaram. O intenso ataque de pássaros prejudicou o desempenho dos genótipos de girassol. ABSTRACT: This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of the sunflower genotypes under testing by the Network of Evaluative Experiments with Sunflower Genotypes, on off-season of 2014, proposing an indication for cultivation in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Experiment was conducted in the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, campus of São Vicente - MT, using randomized complete block design, with four replications. Measurements were made, evaluating plant height, achene yield, oil content and oil yield. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and compared using the Duncan test at 5% of significance level. Genotypes GNZ NEON, SYN 045, AGUARÁ 06, M734, MG 360 and MG 305 were higher in achenes yield evaluation. Regarding oil content, the genotypes MG 360, MG 305, HLA 2012, SYN 3950HO, PARAISO 20 and AGUARÁ 04 were best. The intense attack of birds affected performance of sunflower genotypes.

Produção de milheto em consórcio com gramíneas forrageiras no semiárido cearense.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar gramíneas com reconhecida tolerância a períodos de estresse hídrico em consórcio com a cultura do milheto e doses de nitrogênio. O ensaio foi realizado em Sobral-CE, em delineamento em blocos casualizados com os tratamentos sendo o consórcio da cultura do milheto com o capim-buffel ou capim-massai, com 3 doses de adubação em cobertura para o milheto, sendo: 0, 50 e 100 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, e o tratamento testemunha sendo o plantio do milheto solteiro sem adubação de cobertura; com 3 blocos. Avaliaram-se os dados biométricos e produtividade de massa seca. O consórcio de culturas anuais com gramíneas forrageiras é alternativa interessante para produção de volumoso em região semiárida. O consórcio de milheto e capim-massai mostrou-se superior para dados biométricos e produtividade. O emprego de 100 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura na cultura do milheto propiciou maior produtividade de massa seca. [Millet production with forage consortium in semiarid region of State of Ceará]. Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate grasses with recognized tolerance to periods of water stress in partnership with millet cultivation and doses of nitrogen. The test was conducted in Sobral-CE, at a randomized block with treatments and millet culture consortium with buffel grass or massai grass with 3 fertilizer levels at coverage for millet, as follows: 50 and 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, and the control treatment being the planting millet single without cover fertilization; with 3 blocks. Evaluated were the biometric data and dry matter productivity. The consortium of annual crops with grasses is interesting alternative to massive production for semi-arid region. The consortium millet and massai grass was superior to biometric data and productivity. The use of 100 kg ha-1 of N topdressing in the millet culture provided greater dry mass productivity.