Effect of diazotrophic bacterium inoculation and organic fertilization on yield of Champaka pineapple intercropped with irrigated sapota.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of the Champaka pineapple to inoculation with the diazotrophic bacterium Asaia bogorensis (strain 219) when grown with organic fertilizer in an irrigated sapota orchard. Plantlets were transplanted to tubes containing a mixture of worm compost and vermiculite and inoculated with 108 bacterial cells. After five and a half months of acclimatization the plantlets were transplanted in furrows in the sapota orchard. Fertilizer was placed at the bottom of the furrows and covered with three doses (2.5; 5.0 and 7.5 L linear m−1 row) of three organic composts. The successful association of the plantlets with the diazo-trophic bacterium was confirmed by most probable number analysis before transferring to the field. Plants inoculated with strain AB219 showed the greatest initial leaf growth and produced the heaviest fruits compared to uninoculated plants. Plant growth and fruit yield increased with increasing compost dosages. The results suggested that Champaka pineapple benefited from the association of A. bogorensis (strain 219) when grown under irrigation and with organic fertilizer.

Caracterizacion de plantas de chicozapote (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. van Royen) de la coleccion del CATIE, mediante el uso del analisis multivariado.

Efetuou-se a caracterização de plantas de sapotilha da coleção do CATIE com base em características qualitativas e quantitativas. Foram consideradas, no presente estudo, 49 variaveis, sendo 31 quantitativas e 18 qualitativas. Para análise estatistica dos dados, utilizou-se da análise de conglomerados, análise discriminante, discriminante canonicas, provas F para caracteristicas quantitativas e X2 para as qualitativas. As 13 plantas avaliadas formaram tres grupos, com quatro, seis e três plantas, respectivamente. Para estes agrupamentos, a prova F indicou somente seis características significativas entre os grupos das 31 avaliadas: diametro do fruto, diametro da polpa, rendimento do fruto, largura da folha, acidez e glicose. X2 apontou apenas a forma do fruto como diferente entre os três grupos das 18 avaliadas.

Diversidad genética de la colección de zapote [Pouteria sapota (Jacquin) H.E. Moore & Stearn] del CATIE.

This paper presents the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of 63 accessions of the sapodilla collection held in CATTE, Costa Rica. Cluster analysis of data indicated six distinct groups with 15, 14, 8, 8, 15 and 3 trees, respectively. Canonic discriminant analysis and F and X2 tests detected the variables most affecting group differentiation. These were reducing sugars, fruit acidity, fruit and seed length, sucrose, pH, fruit diameter, fruit weight, Brix degrees, total sugar content, total solid content, proteins, carbohydrates, leaf length and width, branch architecture, fructification distribution, fruit production, flowering and fruiting season, The origin of the materiais is related to the classifications obtained.

Atributos físicos e químicos do abacaxi Cayenne champac: inoculação de mudas com bactéria diazotrófica e adubação orgânica.

A cultura do abacaxi tem-se destacado na região Nordeste, em razão das condições climáticas favoráveis, da infra-estrutura de apoio à produção e do estímulo à exportação dos frutos. A região é responsável por 40 % da produção nacional, atualmente em torno de dois e meio milhões de toneladas por ano. Tal produção é obtida em sistemas com uso intensivo de agroquímicos, o que pode levar a degradação das áreas produtivas. O sistema orgânico é uma alternativa a ser considerada, principalmente nos perímetros irrigados, como forma de conciliar o interesse econômico com a preservação ambiental. Dentre as cultivares exploradas cita-se o abacaxizeiro ?Cayenne Champac? ou Champaka? (Golden ou MD-2, plantado pela Del Monte Fresch) em razão do seu desempenho (WEBER et al, 2004) e da boa aceitação dos frutos no mercado externo, principalmente. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas características físicas e químicas do abacaxi ?Cayenne Champac?, obtido a partir de mudas micropropagadas e inoculadas com bactéria diazotrófica em área sob manejo orgânico num pomar irrigado, consorciado com sapota tropical.

Changes in the spatial distribution of tree species in a terra firme rain forest in Brazilian Amazonia after logging.

The objective of this paper was to determine changes in the spatial distribution of tree species in a logged compared to an unlogged forest of the Tapajos National Forest in the municipality of Belterra, State of Para, Brazil, over an eight-year period. The distribution pattern was determined for trees> 5 cm dbh and, also, for trees > 30 cm dbh. The relationship (a quadrate method) discussed by McGinnis was selected to be used in this study. Forty-seven percent of species with trees > 5 cm dbh showed clumped distribution in the studied forests. Geissospermwn sericeunz Benth & Hook., Minquartia guianensis Aubl., Poureria bilocularis (H. Winkler) Bachni, Protium guacayantan Cuatrec, Sclerolobium chrysophyllunz Poepp. et Endl. and the Sapotaceae family (9 species) occurred in clumps of small trees (5 cm 5 dbh < 30 cm) and big trees (dbh > 30 cm) in both the logged and undisturbed forest. Trees in all sizes of these species certainly have aggregation characteristics in different light condition's during the whole growth-cycle. Only Sclerolobium cizzysophylltan out of fourteen species that occurred aggregated in all forest conditions was light demanding. The shade-tolerant Lecythis lurida (Miers) Mori and Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Stand!. showed also aggregated distribution for small and big trees in the unlogged forest. An aggregated distribution is not always directly correlated to abundance, considering that most of the clumped species had less than seven trees per hectare.