Variabilidade da concentração média de CO2 acima da floresta Amazônica durante a noite associada a distintos regimes turbulentos.

Estudou-se a Camada Limite Noturna ? CLN sobre área de floresta tropical primária a nordeste do Estado do Amazonas, no Observatório Amazônico da Torre Alta ? OATA ou Amazon Tall Tower Observatory ? ATTO. Foi aplicada a metodologia disponível na literatura que permitiu a caracterização da CLN em três regimes turbulentos: 1º) de turbulência fraca, com velocidade média do vento baixa; 2º) de turbulência forte, com velocidade do vento alta e, 3º) turbulência intermitente e condições de não estacionariedade. Existem variações sazonais nos valores de ?c? e ao passar de um regime para outro. Foram investigadas algumas das principais características estatísticas das concentrações de CO2 ? ?c? de cada um dos regimes turbulentos. ?c? aumenta levemente com a elevação do valor de uma escala característica de velocidade turbulenta, VTKE, até um valor limiar, VL, a partir do qual tem-se um aumento súbito nos valores de ?c?. Esses resultados têm importantes consequências para a parametrização de grandezas meteorológicas na CLN e modelagem do escoamento atmosférico na interface floresta-atmosfera.

Origin of and resulting floristic composition from seedbanks in agroforestry systems of Tomé-Açu, Eastern Amazon.

2016

Controlled release products for managing insect pests.

2016

Integrated control of two tortricid (Lepidoptera) pests in apple orchards with sex pheromones and insecticides.

The apple is attacked by a significant number of insect pests in Brazilian commercial orchards, including Bonagota salubricola and Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Sexual disruption of B. salubricola and G. molesta was evaluated in apple orchard using the flowable pheromone formulations, SPLAT Grafo+Bona (SG+B), SPLAT Attract and Kill Grafo+Bona (SAKG+B), and compared with the standard insecticides used for management in the Integrated Apple Production (IAP) system. Both formulations were applied at a rate of 1kg/ha on October 10, 2005 and December 13, 2005 using 300 and 1000 point sources/ha of SG+B and SAKG+B, respectively in experimental units of 7 ha. Adult male captures of B. salubricola and G. molesta were evaluated weekly in Delta traps with specific synthetic sex pheromone from October 10, 2005 to February 14, 2006. Damage to fruits was evaluated on November 21 and December 21, 2005, and January 25 and February 14, 2006. In the SPLAT treated experimental units a significant reduction was observed in the number of B. salubricola and G. molesta males caught in Delta traps compared to the experimental unit IAP. Damage by B. salubricola at harvest ranged from 1.63 to 4.75% with no differences between treatments, while damage by G. molesta was near zero in all experimental units. Mating disruption using SG+B and SAKG+B was sufficient to control B. salubricola and G. molesta with results equivalent to IAP guidelines. This technology is promising for management of both pests in Brazilian apple orchards with immediate reduction of 43% in the number of insecticide applications.