Molecular characterization of 'sweet' cassavas (Manihot esculenta) from a germplasm bank in Brazilian Eastern Amazonia.

2016

Identification of common bean resistant sources to angular leaf spot disease in a brazilian germplasm collection.

The aim of this study was to identify sources of resistance in the germplasm collection providing information of potential sources of resistance to introduce in breeding programs.

Diversity of new root nodule bacteria from Erythrina velutina Willd., a native legume from the Caatinga dry forest (Northeastern Brazil).

This study aims to evaluate the phenotypical characteristics of bacterial isolates from mulungu (Erythrina velutina Willd.) nodules and determinate their Box-PCR fingerprinting. All bacteria were evaluated by the following phenotypic characteristics: growth rate, pH change, colony color and mucus production. The bacterial isolates able to re-nodulate the original host were also evaluated regarding its tolerance to increased salinity and different incubation temperatures, ability to growth using different carbon sources, intrinsic antibiotic resistance and ?in vitro? auxin biosynthesis. The molecular fingerprints were set up using the Box-PCR technique and the isolates were clustered by their profiles. Among the 22 bacterial isolates obtained, eight were able to re-nodulate the original host. Among the nodule inducing isolates, some were tolerant to 1% of NaCl and 39° C and all of them metabolized the maltose, fructose, glucose, sucrose and arabinose, were resistant to rifampicin and produced auxin. The bacteria showed low genetic similarity among them and reference strains, which indicates the great genetic variability of the isolates. The results of this work are the first reports about the bacterial isolates able to nodulate this species. A more deep study of these bacteria may reveal the existence of isolates tolerant to environmental stresses and suitable as a future mulungu inoculant.

Genetic analysis of 'Moscato branco' and other muscat grapes held by the grape germplasm bank in Brazil.

2012

Soil carbon sequestration in grass and grass-legume pastures in the western Brazilian Amazon.

Land use change from native forests to pastures in the tropics have impact on global carbon (C) cycle through increased rates of C emissions to the atmosphere and the loss of above- and belowground C accumulation and storage capacity (SILVER et al., 2000). This study was conducted to determine the carbon stock in a Ultisol under a pure Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Scheick pasture and a mixed pasture of B. humidicola and Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W. C. Greg cv. BRS Mandobi, both without fertilization.

Modeling nitrous oxide emissions in grass and grass-legume pastures in the western Brazilian Amazon.

Mineral nitrogen (N) dynamics in soil and the exchange of N gaseous in the interface soil-atmosphere are intimately associated with animal manure in pastures. According to soil inorganic-N pools and the site studied, forest or pasture, and pastures age the soil inorganic-N pools of ammonium and nitrate can be similar in the forest or ammonium dominated in the pasture. Also annual average net nitrification rates at soil surface in forest can be higher than in pasture suggesting a higher potential for nitrate-N losses either through leaching or gaseous emissions from intact forests compared with established pastures (NEILL et al., 1995).

Evaluation of grapevine germplasm under tropical conditions in Brazil.

2012

Breeding calabrian pepper lines (capsicum annuum L.) for Brazilian agriculture from sui generis introduction of germplasm.

This work aimed to report on the introduction of germplasm in a sui generis way and the initial results of Calabrian pepper breeding at Embrapa Vegetables.

Densidades e cultivares de soja RR em dois anos de plantio para o Sul de Minas Gerais.

Objetivou-se identificar as melhores populações de plantas de soja de três principais cultivares recém-lançadas para fins de recomendação aos produtores do sul de Minas Gerais. Por dois anos avaliou-se as cultivares BRSMG 760SRR, BRSMG 780RR e BRSMG 820RR, submetidas às populações 100.000, 200.000, 300.000 e 400.000 plantas por hectare, utilizando-se blocos casualizados com três repetições. Determinou-se altura de plantas e de inserção de 1° legume, índice de acamamento, n° de legumes por planta, n° de grãos por legume, peso de 100 grãos e rendimento de grãos. A cultivar BRSMG 760SRR mostrou-se superior apresentando o máximo rendimento de grãos (4.973kg ha-1) com 269.000 plantas ha-1. As demais cultivares não sofreram influência da variação populacional, podendo ser cultivadas com 200.000 plantas ha.

Caracterização de duas cultivares de soja RR para cultivo no Sul de Minas Gerais.

Avaliou-se duas cultivares de soja transgênicas RR (BRSMG 780RR e BRSMG 820RR) oriundas do Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Soja para o estado de Minas Gerais, convênio Embrapa/Epamig/Fundação Triângulo, submetidas à quatro populações de plantas (100.000, 200.000, 300.000 e 400.000 plantas ha-1). Utilizou se o delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições, determinando-se altura de plantas e de inserção de 1° legume, índice de acamamento, n° de legumes por planta, n° de grãos por legume, peso de 100 grãos e rendimento de grãos. As cultivares BRSMG 780RR e BRSMG 820RR mostraram alta plasticidade à medida que a variação na população de plantas alterou somente os índices de acamamento de plantas. No entanto, recomenda-se estudos por mais de um ano agrícola.

Caracterização de cultivares de soja em diversas densidades de plantio para o Estado de Minas Gerais.

Objetivou-se identificar as melhores populações de plantas de soja de cultivares recém lançadas, para fins de recomendação aos produtores do sul de Minas Gerais. Selecionou-se 3 cultivares convencionais e 3 transgênicas RR, semeadas em 4 populações de plantas. As cultivares transgênicas se mostraram altamente produtivas, não tendo a população de plantas alterado o rendimento de grãos. Para ambos os ensaios as maiores alturas de inserção do 1° legume foram obtidas com as maiores populações de plantas.

Molecular characterization of accessions of a rare genetic resource: sugary cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from Brazilian Amazon

2016

Drought impact on rainfed common bean production areas in Brazil.

Common bean production in Goiás, Brazil is concentrated in the same geographic area, but spread acrossthree distinct growing seasons, namely, wet, dry and winter. In the wet and dry seasons, common beansare grown under rainfed conditions, whereas the winter sowing is fully irrigated. The conventional breed-ing program performs all varietal selection stages solely in the winter season, with rainfed environmentsbeing incorporated in the breeding scheme only through the multi environment trials (METs) wherebasically only yield is recorded. As yield is the result of many interacting processes, it is challengingto determine the events (abiotic or biotic) associated with yield reduction in the rainfed environments(wet and dry seasons). To improve our understanding of rainfed dry bean production so as to produceinformation that can assist breeders in their efforts to develop stress-tolerant, high-yielding germplasm,we characterized environments by integrating weather, soil, crop and management factors using cropsimulation models. Crop simulations based on two commonly grown cultivars (Pérola and BRS Radi-ante) and statistical analyses of simulated yield suggest that both rainfed seasons, wet and dry, can bedivided in two groups of environments: highly favorable environment and favorable environment. Forthe wet and dry seasons, the highly favorable environment represents 44% and 58% of production area,respectively. Across all rainfed environment groups, terminal and/or reproductive drought stress occursin roughly one fourth of the seasons (23.9% for Pérola and 24.7% for Radiante), with drought being mostlimiting in the favorable environment group in the dry TPE. Based on our results, we argue that eventhough drought-tailoring might not be warranted, the common bean breeding program should adapttheir selection practices to the range of stresses occurring in the rainfed TPEs to select genotypes moresuitable for these environments.

A pigeonpea gene confers resistance to Asian soybean rust in soybean.

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most economically important crop diseases, but is only treatable with fungicides, which are becoming less effective owing to the emergence of fungicide resistance. There are no commercial soybean cultivars with durable resistance to P. pachyrhizi, and although soybean resistance loci have been mapped, no resistance genes have been cloned. We report the cloning of a P. pachyrhizi resistance gene CcRpp1 (Cajanus cajan Resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi 1) from pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and show that CcRpp1 confers full resistance to P. pachyrhizi in soybean. Our findings show that legume species related to soybean such as pigeonpea, cowpea, common bean and others could provide a valuable and diverse pool of resistance traits for crop improvement.

The women role in the agroenvironmental activities of Amazon agroforeststry systems.

This paper presents the results of a research on the way which shows the role of the farmer women to contribute to overcome the life hindrances in the Amazonian agroforest environment, for food safety and familiar income. The sample was the women of the Associação de Produtores Alternativos - APA, Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied to 50 women of this community, in 2004/2005, with additional interviews in 2006, taking into account their role in the farms, and their several invisible activities. The role of APA?s women was compared to that of other Amazonian women, like rubber tappers and riverine people. The APA?s women perform tasks as field manpower - 78.0% of them, making decisions about what to plant - 18.0%, harvest destination - 32.0%, which animals to raise -14.0% and animal products destination -34.0%. Traditionally, in rural zone, the women with their children play a role as non-paid manpower, getting some monetary income with occasional commercialization of on-farm processed products as cheese, pickles, jellies and fruit liqueurs. They are responsible for the cultures practiced around the house. All these Amazonian women edaphoclimatic conditions, greatly contributing to the biodiversity, conservation, and to ecological, social and economic stability.are guardians, perpetuators and disseminators of a rich germplasm adapted to local.