Effects of row spacing and nitrogen topdressing fertilization on the yield of upland rice in a no-tillage system.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of row spacing and nitrogen topdressing fertilization of two materials (genotype 07SEQCL441 CL and cultivar BRS Esmeralda) on the plant height, yield components, grain yield, and quality of an upland rice crop grown in a no-tillage system. Trials were conducted for two growing seasons under field conditions in a 3 x 4 factorial, randomized, complete block design, with four replications. For each material, treatments consisted of the combination of row spacing (0.225, 0.35, and 0.45 m) with nitrogen (N) applied as topdressing (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). The lowest row spacing (0.225 m) for genotypes 07SEQCL441 CL and BRS Esmeralda provided a higher number of tillers, number of panicles m-2, and grain yield of rice. Increasing rates of N in the topdressing improved the rice grain yield for both cultivars, but for 07SEQCL441 CL, the grain yield was positively affected only to applications up to 50 kg N ha-1. Row spacing and N rates did not affect the rice grain quality. Therefore, these results indicate that the narrowest row spacing used (0.225 m) with N fertilization as topdressing increased the rice grain yield most in the no-tillage system.

Adensamento de plantio em pessegueiros 'Chimarrita'

2016

Nutrient content in aboveground biomass of Brazilian peanut cultivars in conservation tillage on sugarcane straw and pasture area.

Fields studies were conducted in 2004/2005 in order to evaluate the effects of tillage on nutrient content in aboveground biomass of two peanut cultivars, cultivated in rotation after mechanical harvested sugarcane and pastures. These trials were carried out in two types of soils; Oxisol and Ultisol, respectively in Ribeir?ao Preto and Mirassol, S?ao Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was split-plot with four replications. Tillage treatments (conventional, minimum and no-tillage) were main plots while sub-plots were peanut genotypes IAC-Tatu ST (Valencia market-type, erect growth habit, red seed coat, maturity range around 100 days after planting) and IAC-Caiap´o (Runner market-type, prostate growth habit, pink testa, maturity range more than 135 days). From 15 to 90 days after emergence, samples of leaves and stems were harvested, dried, weighted and ground to determine macro and micronutrient concentration. At 75 days after sowing, the cultivar IAC-Caiap´o showed higher contents of N, P, K, Cu, and Zn while IAC-Tatu presented higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, and S. Zn content was higher in conservation tillage than in conventional, mainly in Oxisoil for both of cultivars.

Grafting compatibility among eleven chestnut cultivars and hybrids.

Among the four commercial chestnut species the C. dentata (Marsh.) Boskh. and C. sativa P. Mill. has excellent quality but more susceptible to diseases when compared to C. mollissima Blume and C. crenata Siebold & Zucc. which has inferior quality but can be used as rootstocks. This work aimed to evaluate the behavior of chestnut varieties grafted in different rootstocks under São Bento do Sapucaí, São Paulo, Brazil condition. In 1986, eleven chestnut cultivars and hybrids - Ibuki (IB), Izumo (IZ), Kinchu (KI), KM1 (KM2), KM(2) KM(2), Moriowase (MO), Okuni (OK), Taishowase (TAI), Tamatsukuri (TAM), Tiodowase (TIO) and Senri (SEN) (only graft) ? were grafted each other resulting in hundred ten combinations. Fifteen-year later grafted trees with minimum of three plants were evaluated for tree height, trunk diameter above and below graft union and graft compatibility. Randomized blocks with three replications were submitted to analysis of variance for tree height and trunk diameter. Grouping analysis using the PROC CLUSTER ? SAS system was used to describe the pattern of variance among different combinations. Seventy eight combinations in hundred ten showed perfect grafting compatibility 6 months after grafting. Forty seven combinations showed incompatibility after transplanting and the dieback rate in each combination ranged from 25 to 100%. Among seventy eight combinations established in the field twenty six had enough plants for evaluation fifteen-year later. Tree height and trunk diameter showed highly significant difference among the combinations. The highest plant (6 m) was grafted on Moriowase and Tamatsukuri which showed the highest compatibility as rootstock. The harvesting season is from November to May where MOR, IB, TAM, OK and TAI behave as early-season-cultivar and SEN the latest one.

Resistance to Fusarium wilt in common bean cultivars and lines in pre-commercial stage.

The objective of this study was to identify common bean cultivars with resistance to Fusarium wilt.

Characterisation of Brazilian wheat cultivars in relation to the presence of the gene Fhb1 for resistance to Fusarium head blight.

2016

Use of doubled haploid lines via isolated microspore culture for the introgression of resistance to Fusarium head blight into wheat elite cultivars.

2016

Nutritional technological characterization and secondary metabolites in stored carioca bean cultivars.

The recommendation of bean cultivars and the use of appropriate storage techniques allow the quality characteristics of these grains to be preserved for human consumption. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of storage on three cultivars of the common carioca bean in raw form and to determine the relationships between storage time and technological quality parameters involved in the darkening and hardening of grains, the chemical composition of the beans and the presence of secondary metabolites. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with a full factorial scheme consisting of two factors: bean cultivars, with three levels and storage time, with five levels. The color parameters and the storage times significantly differed between the cultivars. The cooking time, when compared to the water absorption index, indicated that the cultivars had, on average, a high percentage of moisture (>95%) and an average cooking time of 17 min., this applies to the control, while values increase during the storage time. Storage under ambient conditions led to a reduction in grain brightness parameters, characterized by darkening and hardening; no reduction in protein and mineral content; and an increase in iron, phosphorous, tannin, and phytic acid contents at 180 days.

Progress of Fusarium head blight in the wheat cultivars BRS Guamirim and Frontana.

2016

Planting times and spacing of carrot crops in the São Francisco Valley, Pernambuco state, Brazil.

Climate variations over the year and plant density tend to strongly affect the agronomic performance of carrot crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the cultivar Brasilia in crops under mild (winter) and high (summer) temperatures. An experiment was conducted from May 2011 to February 2012, using a randomized block design and treatments arranged in split plot, with three replications. The plots consisted of planting seasons (winter and summer) and the subplots of plant spacing (4, 6, 8 and 10 cm). The height of plants presented a linear decrease, from 53.4 to 51.0 cm, with an increase in spacing in summer planting, while in winter the greatest height (50.7 cm) was obtained with spacing of 8.0 cm between plants. The lowest commercial yields were found in summer crops and with the widest spacing between plants. The smallest spacing between plants (4 cm) had yields of 45.9 Mg ha -1in summer and of 63.1 Mg ha-1 in winter crops. The winter planting had higher fresh root weight (89.9 g root - 1 ) compared to the summer (81.4 g root - 1 ), reaching higher weight with increasing plant spacing. Higher yields are achieved with plant spacing of 4 cm during winter. The carrot can be grown throughout the year in the Submiddle of the São Francisco Valley.

Genetic dissimilarity among avena cultivars in response to the blast reaction.

2016

Reaction of Brazilian wheat cultivars to wheat blast in the Cerrado Region.

2016

Adaptability and phenotypic stability of soybean cultivars for grain yield and oil content.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to verify the adaptability and stability of soybean cultivars with regards to yield and oil content. Data of soybean yield and oil content were used from experiments set up in six environments in the 2011/12 and 2012/13 crop seasons in the municipalities of Patos de Minas, Uberaba, Lavras, and São Gotardo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, testing 36 commercial soybean cultivars of both conventional and transgenic varieties. The Wricke method and GGE biplot analysis were used to evaluate adaptability and stability of these cultivars. Large variations were observed in grain yield in relation to the different environments studied, showing that these materials are adaptable. The cultivars exhibited significant differences in oil content. The cultivars BRSGO204 (Goiânia) and BRSMG (Garantia) exhibited the greatest average grain yield in the different environments studied, and the cultivar BRSMG 760 SRR had the greatest oil content among the cultivars evaluated. Ecovalence was adopted to identify the most stable cultivars, and the estimates were nearly uniform both for grain yield and oil content, showing a variation of 0.07 and 0.01%, respectively. The GGE biplot was efficient at identifying cultivars with high adaptability and phenotype stability.

Produção e distribuição da biomassa de Jatropha curcas no Semiárido Brasileiro.

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção e distribuição da biomassa da parte aérea de diferentes genótipos de pinhão-manso no semiárido brasileiro, foi implantado um experimento na Fazenda Gabriela, localizada no município de Santa Maria da Boa Vista, Pernambuco. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com dez tratamentos (genótipos de pinhão-manso) e três repetições, em parcelas lineares de seis plantas, com bordadura simples e espaçamento de 3,0 x 2,0 m. Foram aplicadas uma adubação correspondente a 150 g de NPK (06:24:12) por cova no plantio e duas adubações de cobertura com 150 g.planta-1 de NPK (10:10:10) aos seis e aos doze meses de idade. As plantas foram irrigadas semanalmente por gotejamento com uma aplicação média de 20 litros de água por planta durante o período de estiagem da região. Aos 24 meses de idade, foi medida a altura total das plantas, o diâmetro médio das bifurcações a 1,30 m da superfície do solo e o número de bifurcações a 0,5 m de altura. Foram feitas 26 colheitas semanais de frutos/sementes. Os frutos foram colhidos maduros, antes de sua queda ao chão, durante sete meses. Os genótipos apresentaram elevada uniformidade agronômica, exceto para a variável número de bifurcações, onde o genótipo 1701 foi superior aos genótipos 1501, 1602, 1703 e 1601. A produção de biomassa dos genótipos em condições irrigadas no semiárido é elevada e a distribuição da biomassa dos genótipos nos diferentes componentes seguiu a ordem decrescente: raiz>frutos>galhos grossos>folhas>casca>galhos finos. ABSTRACT: In order to assess production and distribution of biomass shoots of different genotypes of Jatropha curcas under irrigation in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, an experiment was established in Gabriela Farm, in the municipality of Santa Maria da Boa Vista-PE. The experimental design was randomized blocks with ten treatments (genotypes of Jatropha curcas), and three replications in row plots of six plants, with a single border and spacing of 3.0 x 2.0 m. Plants were fertilized with 150 g of NPK (06:24:12) at planting time, and a topdressing with 150 g.planta-1 NPK (10:10:10) applied at six and twelve months of age. The plants were irrigated weekly using a dripping system with an average water application of 20 l.plant-1 during the dry period of the region. At 24 months of age, the overall height of the plants, the average diameter of bifurcations at 1.30m from the soil level and the number of bifurcations at 0.5 m of height were evaluated. Twenty six fruit/ seed harvests were done weekly. Fruits were harvested ripe, before falling on the ground, for seven months. To determine dry biomass, the plants were cut at 0.30 m from soil level. The genotypes showed high agronomic uniformity, except for the variable number of bifurcations, where the genotype 1701 was superior to the genotypes 1501, 1602, 1703 and 1601. Biomass production of genotypes in irrigated conditions in the semiarid region is high and the distribution of biomass followed the decreasing order: root>fruit>thick branches>leaves>bark>thin branches.

Characterization of biomass sorghum cultivars aiming to generate energy for the north region of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

O sorgo biomassa possui elevada produção de biomassa lignocelulósica, surgindo como alternativa de cultivo visando produção de energia renovável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar cultivares de sorgo biomassa visando a geração de energia para região Norte de MT. Para tal, implantou-se em 04/12/2014, em Sinop-MT, um experimento no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, composto por 36 genótipos de sorgo (34 biomassas e 2 forrageiros). As características avaliadas foram: florescimento, altura de plantas, acamamento, população de plantas, produção de massa verde, produção de massa seca, porcentagem de massa seca e umidade. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias dos genótipos foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Os materiais forrageiros floresceram, em média, aos 77 dias, enquanto que os genótipos de biomassa floresceram dos 101 aos 130 dias. Enquanto o melhor genótipo forrageiro (Volumax) produziu 11,6 t de massa seca ha -1, 15 genótipos de sorgo biomassa produziram, em média, 24 t. Demonstrando estes serem os de maior interesse de cultivo na região de estudo. A matéria seca produzida pelos genótipos de sorgo biomassa associado a seu poder calorífico demonstram potencial da cultura para produção de energia renovável.