Desempenho de genótipos de girassol no cerrado do leste Maranhense, ano agrícola 2013/2014.

RESUMO: No ano agrícola 2013/2014, foram conduzidos três ensaios de avaliação de genótipos de girassol, sendo dois no município de Mata Roma e um em Magalhães de Almeida, com o objetivo de identificar materiais promissores para produção de grãos e óleo. O espaçamento utilizado foi de 0,70 m entre linhas com plantas distanciadas de 0,30 m. A adubação de fundação constou de 200 kg ha-1 da fórmula 05-30-15 + micronutrientes e cobertura aos 30 dias após semeadura, usando-se 30 kg ha-1 de N e 30 kg ha-1 de K2O. Em Mata Roma, a produtividade de grãos no ensaio final 01 variou de 1.866 kg ha-1 a 2.567 kg ha-1, obtida nos genótipos Embrapa 122 e BRS G34, respectivamente, ficando a média geral do ensaio em 2.095 kg ha-1. No ensaio final 02 a produtividade de grãos variou de 1.705 kg ha-1 a 2.036 kg ha -1 para os genótipos Helio 250 e MG 360, REspectivamente, com média geral de 1.834 kg ha-1. Em Magalhães de Almeida a produtividade de grãos obtida no ensaio final constou de 1.600 kg ha-1 no genótipo Helio 251, 2.110 kg ha-1 no CF 101 e média Geral do ensaio de 1.908 kg ha -1. Os maiores teores de óleo obtidos nos três ensaios foram 40,1%, 40,6%, 40,9% e 41,4%, respectivamente, nos genótipos CF 101, Paraíso 20, BRS G41 e MG 360. ABSTRACT: In the agricultural year 2013/2014, three sunflowers genotypes tests were conducted in the state of Maranhão: two in the county of Mata Roma and one in Magalhães de Almeida, in order to identify promising materials for the production of grain and oil. The spacing used was 0.70 m between rows with plants spaced of 0.30 m. The foundation of fertilization consisted of 200 kg ha-1 formula 05-30-15 + micro-nutrient and coverage on 30 days after sowing, using 30 kg ha-1 of N and 30 kg ha-1 of K2O. In Mata Roma, grain yield in the final test 01 ranged from 1,866 kg ha-1 to 2,567 kg ha-1, obtained at Embrapa 122 and BRS G34 genotypes, respectively, getting the overall average of the test in 2,095 kg ha-1. In the final test 02, the grain yield ranged from 1,705 kg ha-1 to 2,036 kg ha-1 for Helio 250 and MG 360 genotypes, respectively, with overall average of 1,834 kg ha-1. In Magalhães de Almeida the grain yield obtained in the final test consisted of 1,600 kg ha-1 in the genotype Helio 251, 2,110 kg ha-1 in the CF 101 and overall average test of 1,908 kg ha-1. The highest oil content obtained in the three tests were 40.1%, 40.6%, 40.9% and 41.4%, respectively, in the 101 CF genotypes, Heaven 20, BRS G41 and MG 360.

Desempenho morfoagronômico de genótipos de girassol cultivados na Chapada do Araripe, Pernambuco.

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos de girassol nas condições edafoclimáticas do primeiro semestre de 2015 na Chapada do Araripe, instalou-se um experimento na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), no município de Araripina, Estado de Pernambuco. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 13 tratamentos, correspondendo aos genótipos de girassol: M734, NTC 90, BRS G43, BRS G44, BRS G45, BRS G46, SYN 065, HLA 2013, HLA 2014, HLA 2015, HLA 2016, HLA 2017 e SYN 045. Avaliaram-se as seguintes características: sobrevivência final, floração inicial, maturação fisiológica, altura média do capítulo, peso de 1000 aquênios, diâmetro médio dos capítulos, produção final de aquênios, curvatura do capítulo e plantas acamadas, quebradas e atacadas por pássaros. Os genótipos apresentaram diferenças morfoagronômicas quando cultivados no primeiro semestre em condições edafoclimáticas da região do Araripe, com exceção da variável sobrevivência. O genótipo NTC 90 alcançou o maior peso de aquênios. Todos os genótipos, exceto HLA 2015, apresentaram elevado rendimento de grãos. Os caracteres plantas acamadas, quebradas, atacadas por pássaros ou a curvatura do capítulo não foram relacionadas às diferentes cultivares. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of different sunflower genotypes in edaphoclimatic conditions of Araripe region in the first semester of 2015. The experiment was established at the Experimental Station of Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), Araripina, Pernambuco, Brazil. Experimental design was a randomized blocks with thirteen treatments, corresponding to the sunflower genotypes: M734, NTC 90, BRS G43, BRS G44, BRS G45, BRS G46, SYN 065, HLA 2013, HLA 2014, HLA 2015, HLA 2016, HLA 2017 e SYN 045, with four replicates. The following characteristics were evaluated: final survival, early flowering, physiological maturity, average plant height, weight of 1,000 seeds, average flower diameter, final seed production, flower head curvature, lodged, broken and damaged by birds plants. The genotypes showed morphoagronomic differences when grown in the first semester of 2015 on edaphoclimatic conditions of the Araripe region, except for the variable survival. The NTC 90 genotype achieved the highest weight of head flower. All genotypes, except HLA 2015 showed high grain yield. The characters lodged, broken and damaged plants by birds or curvature of the head flower were not related to the different cultivars.

Caracteres agronômicos de híbridos de girassol em Campo Novo do Parecis, na segunda safra de verão de 2015.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características agronômicos durante o desenvolvimento de híbridos de girassol cultivados na região de Campo Novo do Parecis - MT. O ensaio foi instalado e conduzido,entre os meses de fevereiro ejunho de 2015, na área experimental do setor de produção do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso - IFMT Campus Campo Novo do Parecis - MT, cujas coordenadas geográficas são latitude S 13°40'31" longitude O 57°53'31" e altitude média de 574 m. O solo predominante é Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 13 tratamentos (híbridos) e 4 repetições, totalizando um total de 52 parcelas. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características agronômicas do girassol: dias para o florescimento inicial, dias para a maturação fisiológica, altura de planta, curvatura do caule, número de plantas acamadas, número de plantas quebradas e produtividade de aquênios. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de média Scott-Knott (p<0,05). O híbrido BRS G44 apresentou híbrido BRS G44 apresentou bom rendimento, ciclo precoce e porte baixo, nas condições de segunda safra de verão em Campo Novo do Parecis (MT) . Assim, este híbrido se torna boa opção para o cultivo de girassol na região. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic characteristics for the development of sunflower hybrids grown in the region of Campo Novo do Parecis - MT. The experiment was carried out and conducted between the months of February to June 2015 in the experimental area of the production sector of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, - IFMT, Campo Novo do Parecis - MT (latitude S 13°40'31" longitude W 57°53'31" and average altitude of 574 m). The predominant soil is Typic Tropudox. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 13 treatments (hybrids) and four repetitions, resulting in 52 plots. The sunflower agronomic traits evaluated were: days to initial flowering, days to physiological maturity, plant height, stem curvature, number of lodged plants, number of broken plants and achenes productivity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and average test Scott-Knott (p<0.05). The hybrid BRS G44 showed good yield, early maturity and low height in second summer crop conditions in Campo Novo do Parecis (MT). Thus, this hybrid is a good option for sunflower cultivation in the region.

Avaliação de genótipos de girassol em ambiente de sequeiro e irrigado no Distrito Federal.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar o comportamento de 16 genótipos de girassol em ambiente de sequeiro e ambiente irrigado do Cerrado do Distrito Federal visando aumentar disponibilidade de cultivares mais produtivas e adaptadas. Os ensaios foram conduzidos na área experimental da Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF. Os ensaios foram arranjados experimentalmente em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os genótipos avaliados foram: CF 101, ADV 5504, BRS G42, BRS 323, HELIO 250, HELIO 251, SYN 045, SYN 3950HO, MG 305, MG 360, AGUARÁ 04, AGUARÁ 06, PARAÍSO 20, GNZ NEON, HLA 2012 e M734. Os caracteres avaliados foram rendimento estimado de grãos, tamanho do capítulo, peso de mil aquênios, altura de plantas, teor de óleo e dias para floração inicial. Houve diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para todas as características avaliadas. Dos 16 genótipos avaliados, os híbridos SYN 045 (3.786,2 kg ha-1) e MG 305 (4.987,2 kg ha-1) se sobressaíram quanto ao rendimento estimado de grãos. Quanto ao teor de óleo, os híbridos MG 306 (53,95%) e SYN 3950HO (49,49%) se destacaram. Foram identificados os genótipos mais promissores dentre os avaliados, podendo ser explorados em programas de melhoramento que visam o desenvolvimento de cultivares mais adaptadas.

Caracterização morfoagronômica e avaliação de parâmetros genéticos de girassol em três núcleos rurais do Distrito Federal.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar caracteres genéticos, fenotípicos e ambientais relacionados aos componentes de produção e caracteres agromorfológicos de girassol em três núcleos rurais do Distrito Federal. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas áreas experimentais da Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Recanto das Emas, DF e na Fazenda Agua Limpa, da Universidade de Brasília. Através dos resultados obtidos, foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos de girassol nos três núcleos rurais do Cerrado para todas as características agronômicas avaliadas. Ainda, baixos coeficientes de variação ambiental para quase todas as características, exceto para o tamanho de capitulo, indicaram boa precisão experimental e altos valores de herdabilidade, coeficientes de variação genéticos e acurácia evidenciaram condições favoráveis à seleção dos materiais para as características agronômicas avaliadas. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess genetic, phenotypic and environmental characteristics related to agro-morphological traits of sunflower in three rural centers of Distrito Federal. The experiments were conducted at the experimental areas of Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Recanto das Emas, DF e na Fazenda Agua Limpa, da Universidade de Brasília. Through the obtained results, were verified significate genotypic differences of sunflower at the three rural centers of Brazilian Savannah for all traits evaluated. In addition, low coefficients of environmental variation for almost all trait, except the head size, indicate good experimental precision and high values of heritability, genetic variation and accuracy showed favorable conditions to selecting materials for the agronomic traits evaluated.

Comportamento temporal de genótipos de girassol no Cerrado do Distrito Federal em safrinha de 2014 e 2015.

RESUMO:Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento agronômico de genótipos de girassol no Cerrado do Distrito Federal, foram conduzidos ensaios na safrinha dos anos de 2014 e 2015, na estação experimental da Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, e foram avaliados 12 genótipos de girassol: HLA 2015, NTC 90, SYN 065, M734, BRS G44, HLA 2014, BRS G45, BRS G43, HLA 2013, HLA 2017, BRS G46, HLA 2016. As características avaliadas foram rendimento de grãos, tamanho do capitulo, peso de mil aquênios, altura de plantas e dias de floração inicial. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas para as características avaliadas. Os genótipos que se destacaram em relação ao rendimento de grãos foram HLA 2014 (3.161 kg ha-1) e a testemunha M743 (3.212 kg ha-1). Além disso, o ensaio do ano 2014 apresentou uma média de rendimento maior (2.829 kg ha-1) e mais precoces (63,10 dias) em relação a 2015. O trabalho permitiu a identificação de materiais promissores para exploração em programas de melhoramento genético. ABSTRACT: Aiming the evaluation on agronomic behavior of sunflower genotypes in the Brazilian savannah, experiments were carried on in the second crop of 2014 and 2015 at Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados (Embrapa), Planaltina, DF. A complete randomized block design was used with four replications and 12 genotypes of sunflower were analyzed: HLA 2015, NTC 90, SYN 065, M734, BRS G44, HLA 2014, BRS G45, BRS G43, HLA 2013, HLA 2017, BRS G46, HLA 2016.The evaluated characteristics were grain yield, head, weight thousand achenes, plant height, and flowering time. Significant differences were found in all evaluated characteristics. The genotypes that stood out in seed yield were HLA 2014 (3161 kg ha-1) and M743 (3212 kg ha-1). Besides, the 2014 experiment presented a seed yield average higher (2829 kg ha-1), and earlier flowering (63,10 days) when compared to 2015 experiment. This study allowed the identification of promising materials to explore in breeding programs.

Genome selection in fruit breeding: application to table grapes.

Genomic selection (GS) has recently been proposed as a new selection strategy which represents an innovative paradigm in crop improvement, now widely adopted in animal breeding. Genomic selection relies on phenotyping and high-density genotyping of a sufficiently large and representative sample of the target breeding population, so that the majority of loci that regulate a quantitative trait are in linkage disequilibrium with one or more molecular markers and can thus be captured by selection. In this study we address genomic selection in a practical fruit breeding context applying it to a breeding population of table grape obtained from a cross between the hybrid genotype D8909-15 (Vitis rupestris × Vitis arizonica/girdiana), which is resistant to dagger nematode and Pierce?s disease (PD), and ?B90-116?, a susceptible Vitis vinifera cultivar with desirable fruit characteristics. Our aim was to enhance the knowledge on the genomic variation of agronomical traits in table grape populations for future use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and GS, by discovering a set of molecular markers associated with genomic regions involved in this variation. A number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) were discovered but this method is inaccurate and the genetic architecture of the studied population was better captured by the BLasso method of genomic selection, which allowed for efficient inference about the genetic contribution of the various marker loci. The technology of genomic selection afforded greater efficiency than QTL analysis and can be very useful in speeding up the selection procedures for agronomic traits in table grapes.

Cooking time of common bean: genetic parameters and selection of elite lines.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic variability and select elite lines for CT, since these lines aggregate essential agronomic traits.

Agronomic efficiency of Bradyrhizobium in peanut under different environments in Brazilian Northeast.

Several legumes have natural ability to associate with nitrogen - fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. The efficiency of this association depends on the plant and bacterial genotype and the edaphoclimatic conditions. Peanut is a tropical legume able to associate with a wide range of rhizobia and the selection of efficient bacteria is important to increase the nitrogen fixation in this crop. In order to investigate the agronomic efficiency of two Bradyrhizobiumstrains, two peanut genotypes were used in field trails carried out in three environments located at Brazilian Northeast. The genotypes (BR1 and L7 Bege) were submitted to rhizobial inoculation (SEMIA 6144 or ESA 123, both Bradyrhizobium strains, and chemical nitrogen fertilization in randomized block design experiments. The following traits were analyzed: flowering (F), main axis height (MAH), number of nodules/plant (NN), number of pods/plant (NP) and weight of pods (WP). Differential responses were found in all to treatments to NN, NP and WP, in the three environments studied. Overall, ESA 123 showed good agronomic performance inducing higher pod production. The results supportthe evaluation of the Bradyrhizobium in further experiments aiming at its recommendation to commercial inoculants in Brazilian Northeast region.

Genetic parameters and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with tibia traits in broilers.

Abstract: Selection among broilers for performance traits is resulting in locomotion problems and bone disorders, once skeletal structure is not strong enough to support body weight in broilers with high growth rates. In this study, genetic parameters were estimated for body weight at 42 days of age (BW42), and tibia traits (length, width, and weight) in a population of broiler chickens. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for tibia traits to expand our knowledge of the genetic architecture of the broiler population. Genetic correlations ranged from 0.56 +/- 0.18 (between tibia length and BW42) to 0.89 +/- 0.06 (between tibia width and weight), suggesting that these traits are either controlled by pleiotropic genes or by genes that are in linkage disequilibrium. For QTL mapping, the genome was scanned with 127 microsatellites, representing a coverage of 2630 cM. Eight QTL were mapped on Gallus gallus chromosomes (GGA): GGA1, GGA4, GGA6, GGA13, and GGA24. The QTL regions for tibia length and weight were mapped on GGA1, between LEI0079 and MCW145 markers. The gene DACH1 is located in this region; this gene acts to form the apical ectodermal ridge, responsible for limb development. Body weight at 42 days of age was included in the model as a covariate for selection effect of bone traits. Two QTL were found for tibia weight on GGA2 and GGA4, and one for tibia width on GGA3. Information originating from these QTL will assist in the search for candidate genes for these bone traits in future studies.