Genetic structure and mating type analysis of the Pyricularia oryzae population causing widespread epidemics in southern Brazil.

Blast is a major disease of rice in Brazil, the largest rice-producing country outside Asia. This study aimed to assess the genetic structure and mating-type frequency in a contemporary Pyricularia oryzae population, which caused widespread epidemics during the 2012/13 season in the Brazilian lowland subtropical region. Symptomatic leaves and panicles were sampled at flooded rice fields in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, 34 fields) and Santa Catarina (SC, 21 fields). The polymorphism at ten simple sequence repeats (SSR or microsatellite) loci and the presence of MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorphs were assessed in a population comprised of 187 isolates. Only the MAT1-2 idiomorph was found and 162 genotypes were identified by the SSR analysis. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of SSR data resolved four genetic groups, which were strongly associated with the cultivar of origin of the isolates. There was high level of genotypic diversity and moderate level of gene diversity regardless whether isolates were grouped in subpopulations based on geographic region, cultivar host or cultivar within region. While regional subpopulations were weakly differentiated, high genetic differentiation was found among subpopulations comprised of isolates from different cultivars. The data suggest that the rice blast pathogen population in southern Brazil is comprised of clonal lineages that are adapting to specific cultivar hosts. Farmers should avoid the use of susceptible cultivars over large areas and breeders should focus at enlarging the genetic basis of new cultivars.

Agricultura familiar e turismo de base comunitária na Amazônia: o caso da Vila da Penha, município de Maracanã, PA.

A presente pesquisa teve como foco principal avaliar os limites e as possibilidades de trabalhar o turismo de base comunitária na comunidade tradicional Vila da Penha, no Município de Maracanã, Estado do Pará, e assim verificar o nível de organização social da comunidade. Esse modelo alternativo de turismo, quando bem planejado, pode fomentar o desenvolvimento local em uma comunidade, de forma que venha aproveitar os atrativos naturais e culturais do local, a geração de renda complementar, principalmente para aquelas envolvidas no projeto, e também a valorização de seus saberes tradicionais. Sendo assim, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico em busca de referencial teórico sobre o turismo de base comunitária e também sobre trabalho em campo, para a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação de questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas para a coleta de dados, para então finalizar a pesquisa com os devidos resultados.