Creolo beans production systems in Juruá valley, Acre, Brazilian Amazon.

The Juruá valley mesoregion is recognized for its diversity of cultivars of common beans and cowpea and is an important center for on farm bean conservation in Brazil. However, there is little information about production systems of Creoles cultivars and, in this approach, the study aimed to identify the production centers and to gather information about beans production systems. Thirty eight farmers and five merchants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaries. Juruá valley farmers use three beans production systems: "beach farming", "slash burn system" and "stuffy farming". The systems use family labor with low dependence on external inputs, two classified as itinerant. The study identified two beans production centers: Alto Juruá extractive reserve and Santa Luzia directed settlement project.

Energy balance model applied to pasture experimental areas in São Paulo State, Brazil.

The Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) was used to estimate biophysical parameters and theenergy balance components in two different pasture experimental areas, in the São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimentalpastures consist in six rotational (RGS) and three continuous grazing systems (CGS) paddocks. Landsat-8 images from2013 and 2015 dry and rainy seasons were used, as these presented similar hydrological cycle, with 1,600 mm and 1,613mm of annual precipitation, resulting in 19 cloud-free images. Bands 1 to 7 and thermal bands 10 and 11 were used withweather data from a station located nearthe experimental area. NDVI, biomass, evapotranspiration and latent heat flux(λE) temporal values statistically differ CGS from RGS areas. Grazing systems influences the energy partition and theseresults indicate that RGS benefits biomass production, evapotranspiration and the microclimate, due higher LE values.SAFER is a feasible tool to estimate biophysical parameters and energy balance components in pasture and has potentialto discriminate continuous and rotation grazing systems in a temporal analysis.