Effect of insecticides sprayed on leaves and applied via soil to Aphis illinoisensis Shimer, 1866 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on grapevines.

2016

Toxicity of pyrethroids and other insecticides against susceptible and resistant tobacco budworm larvae and synergism by chlordimeform.

1987

Tobacco budworm resistance to pyrethroids: resistance spectra, synergists, and substitute insecticides.

1988

Integrated control of two tortricid (Lepidoptera) pests in apple orchards with sex pheromones and insecticides.

The apple is attacked by a significant number of insect pests in Brazilian commercial orchards, including Bonagota salubricola and Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Sexual disruption of B. salubricola and G. molesta was evaluated in apple orchard using the flowable pheromone formulations, SPLAT Grafo+Bona (SG+B), SPLAT Attract and Kill Grafo+Bona (SAKG+B), and compared with the standard insecticides used for management in the Integrated Apple Production (IAP) system. Both formulations were applied at a rate of 1kg/ha on October 10, 2005 and December 13, 2005 using 300 and 1000 point sources/ha of SG+B and SAKG+B, respectively in experimental units of 7 ha. Adult male captures of B. salubricola and G. molesta were evaluated weekly in Delta traps with specific synthetic sex pheromone from October 10, 2005 to February 14, 2006. Damage to fruits was evaluated on November 21 and December 21, 2005, and January 25 and February 14, 2006. In the SPLAT treated experimental units a significant reduction was observed in the number of B. salubricola and G. molesta males caught in Delta traps compared to the experimental unit IAP. Damage by B. salubricola at harvest ranged from 1.63 to 4.75% with no differences between treatments, while damage by G. molesta was near zero in all experimental units. Mating disruption using SG+B and SAKG+B was sufficient to control B. salubricola and G. molesta with results equivalent to IAP guidelines. This technology is promising for management of both pests in Brazilian apple orchards with immediate reduction of 43% in the number of insecticide applications.

Effects de l'application d'acide gibbérellique (GA3) sur la qualité de raisins et de vins produits en climat tropical au Nord-Est du Brésil.

The honeydew moth Cryptoblabes gnidiella is the main problem for the wineries in the Northeast of the Brazil, because it attacks the bunch and reduces the quality of the grapes and the wines. In order to stretch out the bunch to facilitate the penetration of the insecticides, it was used gibberellic acid. Six treatments with different concentrations and different dates of application, and the control were compared. The bunches are compact, characteristic of the "Syrah" grapes in the region. The grape berries were analysed at harvest and wines were made by microvinifications. The grape berries showed different qualitative characteristics, as berry weight, number of berries. °Brix, total acidity and heterogeneity of the maturation. The microvinifications were carried out with 50 kg of grapeberries into glass bottles of 20 L at 22°C, for the alcoholic and malolactic fermentations, then stabilized and bottled. The wines were tasted by a panel of ten people and compared on smell and taste plans. The tasting results showed that the control treatment was the best graded wine. The application of gibberellic acid allowed to control the honeydew moth attack, but it caused a heterogeneity on grape maturation, with a lower quality of the grapes and wines compared to the control.

Efficacy and economic returns from various insecticide combinations applied for tobacco budworm control in the Brazos River Valley.

A field efficacy evaluation revealed significant differences in efficacy among a few of the numerous insecticides or combinations of insecticides applied for Heliothis spp. control. An increasing proportion of made up this field population during the test period. Partial budgeting revealed that the net returns from applying any treatment were directly proportional to the resulting yield obtained from that treatment.

Uptake and elimination of endosulfan by zebra fish.

1992

Tratamento de sementes para manejo do percevejo-barriga-verde na cultura de soja e milho em sucessão.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes com inseticidas sobre o manejo de Dichelops melacanthus e a produtividade da soja e do milho, cultivados em sucessão. O estudo foi realizado em campo, nas safras 2012/2013 (I) e 2013/2014 (II). Avaliaram-se os inseticidas imidacloprido, tiametoxam, tiodicarbe, fipronil e abamectina. Determinaram-se: a densidade populacional do percevejo, a produtividade de soja e milho, e a intensidade da injúria em milho. A densidade do percevejo permaneceu abaixo de um inseto por metro quadrado, na maior parte do ciclo da soja. Os picos populacionais foram observados nas primeiras semanas, após a emergência do milho, e atingiram 2,2 (safra I) e 6,7 (safra II) percevejos por metro quadrado. Na cultura da soja, os inseticidas não reduziram a densidade populacional do percevejo. Na cultura do milho, o imidacloprido reduziu a densidade do percevejo em 23,2% (safra I) e 38,8% (safra II), e a injúria em 61,8% (safra I) e 26,4% (safra II). O tiametoxam reduziu a densidade dos insetos em 27,8% (safra II) e a injúria em 42,7% (safra I). O tratamento de sementes com inseticidas não proporciona aumento de produtividade à soja e ao milho, portanto, não se justifica sua utilização nas condições deste estudo. ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of seed treatment with insecticides on the management of Dichelops melacanthus on the yield of soybean and corn, grown in succession. The study was carried out in a field, in the 2012/2013 (I) and 2013/2014 (II) crop seasons. The evaluated insecticides were: imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, fipronil, and abamectin. The following were determined: stink bug population density, soybean and corn yield, and corn injury. Population density remained below one stink bug per square meter, in most of the soybean cycle. Population peaks were observed in the first weeks, after corn emergence, and they reached 2.2 (crop season I) and 6.7 (crop season II) stink bugs per square meter. In the soybean crop, the insecticides did not reduce the stink bug population density. In the corn crop, imidacloprid reduced the stink bug density in 23.2% (crop season I) and 38.8% (crop season II), and injury in 61.8% (crop season I) and 26.4% (crop season II). Thiamethoxam reduced the insect population density in 27.8% (crop season II) and injury in 42.7% (crop season I). Seed treatment with insecticides does not provide increase for soybean and corn yields, therefore, their use is not justified in this study's conditions.

Biological characteristics of black armyworm Spodoptera cosmioides on genetically modified soybean and corn crops that express insecticide Cry proteins.

This study aimed to evaluate the development and reproduction of the black armyworm, Spodoptera cosmioides when larvae fed on leaves of Bt-corn hybrids, expressing a single Cry1F and also Cry1F, Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in pyramided corn and their non-Bt-isoline (hybrid 2B688), as well as on leaves of two soybean isolines expressing the Cry1Ac protein and its non-Bt isoline (A5547-227). We also assessed the effect of these Bt and non-Bt plants on the leaf consumption rate of S. cosmioides larvae. This pest was unable to develop when fed on any of the corn isolines (Bt and non-Bt). When both 1st and 3rd instar larvae were fed on corn leaf, mortality was 100% in both Bt and non-Bt corn. In contrast, when corn leaves were offered to 5th instar larvae, there were survivors. Defoliation and leaf consumption was higher with non-Bt corn than with both of the Bt corn isolines. There was no negative effect of Bt soybean leaves on the development and reproduction of S. cosmioides with respect to all evaluated parameters. Our study indicates that both Bt and non-Bt corn adversely affect the development of S. cosmioides while Bt soybean did not affect its biology, suggesting that this lepidopteran has major potential to become an important pest in Bt soybean crops.

Toxicities and effects of insecticidal toxic baits to control Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

BACKGROUND: Drosophila suzukii is a primary insect pest that causes direct damage to fruits with a thin epidermis such as strawberries, cherries and blueberries. In strawberry fields, the co-occurrence of D. suzukii and Zaprionus indianus has increased production losses. This study evaluated the toxicities and effects of insecticidal baits to control adults and larvae of both D. suzukii and Z. indianus . RESULTS: Organophosphate (dimethoate and malathion), spinosyn (spinosad and spinetoram), pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin) and diamide (cyantraniliprole) insecticides exhibited high toxicity to both adults and larvae of D. suzukii and Z. indianus (mortality > 80%) in topical and dip bioassays. However, when the insecticides were mixed with a feeding attractant, a positive effect was observed only for adults of D. suzukii . Insecticides containing neonicotinoids (acetamiprid and thiamethoxam) and pyrolle (chlorfenapyr) caused intermediate mortality to adults of D. suzukii (40?60%) and low mortality for Z. indianus (mortality < 23%); however, these compounds reduced the larval infestation of the two species by 55?86%. Botanical (azadirachtin) and sulphur insecticides exhibited low toxicity (mortality < 40%) on adults and larvae of both species. CONCLUSION: Dimethoate, malathion, spinosad, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole are highly toxic to both larvaeandadultsof D. suzukii and Z.indianus .Theuseoftoxicbaitsforadultsof D. suzukii couldbeanalternativeinmanagement of this species. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: spotted-wing drosophila; fig fly; chemical control; strawberry; toxic bait; pest control.

Suscetibilidade de populações de Chrysodexis includens e Helicoverpa armigera a inseticidas do grupo das diamidas.

2016

Controle de Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja com inseticidas químicos e biológicos.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de inseticidas autorizados emergencialmente para o controle de Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja. Sete inseticidas foram pulverizados em campo e, após 24 horas, folhas do ponteiro foram coletadas e oferecidas para lagartas de 2o instar em laboratório. Lagartas do 4o instar receberam a última folha trifoliolada que se encontrava completamente expandida no momento da pulverização. Outro grupo foi exposto a folhas coletadas a partir de 72 horas da pulverização. Em campo, seis inseticidas foram pulverizados e, em seguida, as plantas foram infestadas com lagartas de 2o e 3o instar. No primeiro estudo, flubendiamida, clorantraniliprole, clorfenapir, indoxacarbe e metoxifenozida causaram 100% de mortalidade do 4o instar aos oito dias após o início da exposição, enquanto baculovírus e Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) propiciaram mortalidade de 60-75%, que evoluiu para 88?90% ao final da fase de pupa. Para o 2o instar, apenas flubendiamida e clorantraniliprole proporcionaram mortalidade de 100%. Flubendiamida, clorantraniliprole e clorfenapir apresentaram o menor tempo letal para o 4o instar, e flubendiamida e clorantraniliprole, para o 2o instar. Após 72 horas da pulverização, o desempenho dos inseticidas foi insatisfatório. Em campo, houve eficiência satisfatória de flubendiamida, espinosade, baculovírus e Bt sobre lagartas de 2o e 3o instar. ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of insecticides authorized on an emergency basis to control of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean. Seven insecticides were sprayed on the field and, 24 hours after that, soybean pointer leaves were collected and offered to 2nd instar larvae in the laboratory. Fourth instar larvae received the last trifoliate leaf that was fully expanded at the time of spraying. Another larvae group was exposed to leaves collected from 72 hours onwards after spraying. In the field, six insecticides were sprayed, and then the plants were infested with 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. In the first study, flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide caused 100% mortality of the 4th instar, eight days after the beginning of exposure, while baculovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) caused 60?75% mortality, which reached 88?90% at the end of the pupal stage. For 2nd instar larvae, only flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole caused 100% mortality. Flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, and chlorfenapyr showed the lowest lethal time for the 4th instar, and flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole for the 2nd instar. Seventy-two hours after spraying, the performance of insecticides was not satisfactory. In the field, there was satisfactory efficiency of flubendiamide, spinosad, baculovirus, and Bt on 2nd and 3rd instar larvae.

Grape phylloxera in Brazil.

There are approximately 90,000 ha of grapes in Brazil including wine, juice and table grapes. American varieties (Isabella, Niagara, Ives) comprise the largest part of Brazilian viticulture being destined for wine, juice and table grape. In Southern Brazil, these varieties are produced mainly in non grafted vineyards. Grape phylloxera is common on the roots of these varieties however the insect is not regarded as a serious problem. Leaf galls are common on V. vinifera cultivars, particularly Cabernet sauvignon, and this infestation can be severe in some years causing defoliation. No information about insect damage on leaves in relation to vineyard production and longevity is available. New selections from a breeding program aimed at developing new hybrids for wine production are highly susceptible to damage from leaf galling phylloxera. When leaf galling is severe, growers spray pyretroid and neonicotinoid insecticides however, in many situations, secondary mites can also damage the crop as a consequence of the foliar broad spectrum insecticides application. Studies about the genetic diversity of grape phylloxera strains in Brazil and their association with vine damage and secondary fungal infection must be conducted to clarify the importance of this pest to Brazilian viticulture.

Toxicities and effects of insecticidal toxic baits to control Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

BACKGROUND: Drosophila suzukii is a primary insect pest that causes direct damage to fruits with a thin epidermis such as strawberries, cherries and blueberries. In strawberry fields, the co-occurrence of D. suzukii and Zaprionus indianus has increased production losses. This study evaluated the toxicities and effects of insecticidal baits to control adults and larvae of both D. suzukii and Z. indianus . RESULTS: Organophosphate (dimethoate and malathion), spinosyn (spinosad and spinetoram), pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin) and diamide (cyantraniliprole) insecticides exhibited high toxicity to both adults and larvae of D. suzukii and Z. indianus (mortality > 80%) in topical and dip bioassays. However, when the insecticides were mixed with a feeding attractant, a positive effect was observed only for adults of D. suzukii . Insecticides containing neonicotinoids (acetamiprid and thiamethoxam) and pyrolle (chlorfenapyr) caused intermediate mortality to adults of D. suzukii (40?60%) and low mortality for Z. indianus (mortality < 23%); however, these compounds reduced the larval infestation of the two species by 55?86%. Botanical (azadirachtin) and sulphur insecticides exhibited low toxicity (mortality < 40%) on adults and larvae of both species. CONCLUSION: Dimethoate, malathion, spinosad, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole are highly toxic to both larvaeandadultsof D. suzukii and Z.indianus .Theuseoftoxicbaitsforadultsof D. suzukii couldbeanalternativeinmanagement of this species. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: spotted-wing drosophila; fig fly; chemical control; strawberry; toxic bait; pest control.

Controle de pragas iniciais de sorgo sacarino com inseticidas químicos.

2016