Sodium hypochlorite sterilization of culture medium in micropropagation of Gerbera hybrida cv. Essandre.

Micropropagation requires controlling contamination that might compromise the success of the process. Thermal sterilization is traditionally used; however, costs deriving from equipment acquisition and maintenance render this technique costly. With the purpose of finding an alternative to thermal sterilization, this research aimed at assessing the efficiency and ideal concentration of sodium hypochlorite for sterilization of culture media and glassware used during rooting of micropropagated Gerbera hybrida cv. Essandre. Two experiments were carried out. In the first one, treatments consisted of control I (no sterilization), control II (thermal sterilization), and total active chlorine concentrations of 0.0005, 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003%. In the second experiment, based on the results observed in the first experiment, treatments consisted of control I (thermal sterilization) and II (chemical sterilization), and total active chlorine concentrations of 0.002, 0.0025 and 0.003%. Plant behavior was assessed based on the length of aerial part and roots, number of roots, and dry biomass of plants. Results showed that the addition of an active chlorine concentration of 0.003% to culture media provided total control of contaminants, and there were no significant differences regarding the variables analyzed between plants obtained with thermal sterilization and with sodium hypochlorite sterilization. Thus, chemical sterilization can be used as a replacement for thermal sterilization of nutrition media for rooting of gerbera in vitro.

Economic value for the trait tick count in Brangus cattle.

Profitability of a beef cattle system may be significantly reduced by the effects of tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus).

Produção animal e recursos hídricos.

2016

Curvas de crescimiento de una alga bioindicadora expuesta a diferentes tratamientos: uso de modelos lineales y no lineales.

Los modelos no lineales son ampliamente utilizados para describir curvas de crescimiento. En un modelo no lineal, Y=f(t,0)+E donde Y es el vector de observaciones, t el vector correspondiente a las condiciones de evaluacion (instantes de tiempo conocidos), 0 el vector de parametros desconocidos, f(.) una funcion no lineal en 0 y E el vector de errores, comunmente se asume que E ~ N(O,sigma ao quadrado I). Cuando no se cumplen algunos aspectos de esa suposicion (normalidad, independencia y homogeneidad de variancias), la normalidad asintotica de los estimadores de interes puede ser afectada dificultando la comparacion de curvas obtenidas en los diferentes tratamentos. En organismos unicelulares, tales como las algas, el crecimiento es comumente medido a travez de la observacion del numero de celulas N1, N2,...,Nk en los instantes t1, t2,...,tk., respectivamente. Variables de esa naturaleza, geralmente modeladas por la distribuicion de Poisson, tienen variancias iguales a las respectivas esperanzas (crescientes con el tiempo), no verificando-se la de suposicion de homocedasticidad, lo que inviabiliza la utilizacion del modelo anteriormente descrito. El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir aspectos relacionados al uso adecuado de los modelos lineales y no lineales en el ajuste de curvas de crecimiento donde la variable respuesta tiene distribucion de Poisson. Como ejemplo, son utilizados datos de crecimiento de la microalga bioindicadora Selenastrumcapricornutum, la cual fue expuesta a diferentes tratamientos (con y sin un biopesticidas) en condiciones de laboratorio. En tales casos, donde la transformacion logaritmica de la respuesta linealiza la relacion numero de celulas versus tiempo, ademas de homogeneizar las variancias, el uso de un modelo lineal es adecuado.

Toxicity of the herbicide clomazone on duckweed Lemna valdiviana.

The duckweed Lemna valdiviana is commonly founded colonizing small shallow waters (lakes on the lowland in south Brazil. This organism may have been affected by herbicide input into lakes from aerial application and/or drainage office paddy fields. Clomazone (2- (2-chlorophenyl) methyl-4.4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone) is one of the herbicides more fiequentely used as post-emergence in rice paddies. For this work assays were carried as EC50(96h) semi-statics with aseptic culture. The sterile fronds were abtained from material harvest on the paddy fields, and the concentration of Clomazone ranged from 14.0 to 229.0 mg/l. two procedures were considered: diluted in water and sprayed applicated Clomazone. The observed phytotoxic effects were evaluated by growth rate (kt), duplication time (Td), frond yield, plant yield, mortality, chlorophyll a and b and protochlorophyll concentration. The EC50 values obtained to sprayed Clomazone (Kt=31.7; Td=31.9) were significantly small than to diluted Clomazone (Kt=46.4; td=47.3). These dadta suggest that aerial route is more hazardous than diluted procedure. Presence of chlorotic, necrotic, abnormal and died frond were common at the 114.0 and 229.0 mg/l treatment. Recuperation test corroborated the evidence that the sprayed procedure were more deleterious and L. valdiviana doesn't recovery his reproductive ability at the 114.0 and 229.0 mg/l treatment.

Risk assessment of the herbicide clomazone in the aquatic life.

Clomazone (2-(2-chlorophenyl)methyl-4.4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone) is a post emergence herbicide widely used in rice fields in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) with high activity against Gramineae at the recommended application rate(AR).of 700g/ha. The herbicide input into the aquatic ecosystem may occur by aerial application or water drainage. The presence of this chemical in the water may affect non-target organisms leading to impairments in the aquatic food chain. Studies were conducted in this work to evaluate the risk of Clomazone using the estimated mean affective concentration (EC50) for the microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum(96h), the duckweed Lemna valdiviana(96h) and the crustacean Daphnia similis(48h). The EC50 values were 11.2; 31.7 and 13.8 mg/l, respectively. According to the obtained data, and considering a direct input of the herbicide in a 10cm column water, the estimated maximum application rate that doesn't cause acute effects is 5.3 AR for S. capricornutum, 6.5 AR for D. similis and 15.0 AR for L. valdiviana. The estimated maximum application rate that doesn't cause chronic effects is 2.0 AR for D. similis, 1.6 AR for S. capricornutum and 4.5 AR for L. valviana.

Perfil lipídico da carne de cordeiros da raça Morada Nova.

Objetivou-se nesse trabalho verificar se a idade ao abate e o uso de suplementação no período pré-desmame altera o perfil lipídico da carne de cordeiros da raça Morada Nova.

Estratégias eco-pedagógicas em processos de pesquisa-ação participativa: a experiência do projeto de sistemas agroflorestais no território da serra dos Tapes, RS.

2016

Evoluir é democratizar o conhecimento: manual.

Aspectos básicos do Pampalus; Como participar do Pampaplus; Sistema Pampaplusnet. Autores: Antônio do Nascimento Rosa, Fernando Flores Cardoso, Joal Brazzale Leal, Luiz Otávio Campos da Silva, Marcos Jun-Iti Yokoo, Maurício Morgado de Oliveira, Paulo Roberto Costa Nobre, Roberto Augusto de Almeida Torres Júnior, Thaís Maria Bento Pires Lopa.

Técnicas de plantio direto.

Neste artigo são apresentados os avanços nas pesquisas com diversas modalidades de plantio direto de pasto (PDP) na reforma de pastagens degradadas no Acre. A intenção é motivar outros grupos de pesquisa a trabalhar no aprimoramento e validação destas técnicas para diferentes regiões do Brasil.