7-pentoxyresorufin-o-depentilase and 7-Benzyloxyresorufin-o-debenzylase as potential biomarkers of exposure to 17B-estradiol in nile tilapia.

2009

Effects de l'application d'acide gibbérellique (GA3) sur la qualité de raisins et de vins produits en climat tropical au Nord-Est du Brésil.

The honeydew moth Cryptoblabes gnidiella is the main problem for the wineries in the Northeast of the Brazil, because it attacks the bunch and reduces the quality of the grapes and the wines. In order to stretch out the bunch to facilitate the penetration of the insecticides, it was used gibberellic acid. Six treatments with different concentrations and different dates of application, and the control were compared. The bunches are compact, characteristic of the "Syrah" grapes in the region. The grape berries were analysed at harvest and wines were made by microvinifications. The grape berries showed different qualitative characteristics, as berry weight, number of berries. °Brix, total acidity and heterogeneity of the maturation. The microvinifications were carried out with 50 kg of grapeberries into glass bottles of 20 L at 22°C, for the alcoholic and malolactic fermentations, then stabilized and bottled. The wines were tasted by a panel of ten people and compared on smell and taste plans. The tasting results showed that the control treatment was the best graded wine. The application of gibberellic acid allowed to control the honeydew moth attack, but it caused a heterogeneity on grape maturation, with a lower quality of the grapes and wines compared to the control.

Zonage climatique viticole et cartographie numérique du Rio Grande do Sul - Brésil, par les indices du Système CCM Géoviticole.

Abstract: The State Rio Grande do Sul is the main producer of Brazilian fine wines, with four viticultural regions. The objective is the characterization of the viticultural climatic potential of the State (total surface of 281.749 km2). The methodology use the Géoviticulture Multicriteria Climatic Classification System (Géoviticulture MCC System), based on three climatic indices ? Dryness Index (DI), Heliotermal Index (HI) and Cool Night Index (CI). Based on latitude, longitude, altitude and distance from Atlantic Ocean, the 3 viticultural climatic indices were modeled and the algorithms applied to a DTM using GIS. The results show that Rio Grande do Sul has the following classes of viticultural climate: according to DI ? Moderately Dry, Sub-humid, Humid; according to HI ? Cool, Temperate, Temperate warm, Warm and Very Warm; according to CI ? Cool nights, Temperate nights, Warm nights. Based on the total surface, the most representatives viticultural climates are: « Humid x Temperate » (3,1%), « Humid x Temperate warm » (14,4%), « Humid x Warm » (52,6%), « Sub-humid x Warm » (20,0%) and « Sub-humid x Very warm » (5,8%). According to CI, the viticultural climates have a range of variation as a function of the interaction between « earlyness of the varieties x heliothermal availability ». Key words: climate classification, climate models, climatic Groups, zoning