44 resultados para Cerrado savanna
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Introduction: Brazil, is one of the main agricultural producers in the world ranking 1st in the production of sugarcane, coffee and oranges. It is also 2nd as world producer of soybeans and a leader in the harvested yields of many other crops. The annual consumption of mineral fertilizers exceeds 20 million mt, 30% of which corresponds to potash fertilizers (ANDA, 2006). From this statistic it may be supposed that fertilizer application in Brazil is rather high, compared with many other countries. However, even if it is assumed that only one fourth of this enormous 8.5 million km2 territory is used for agriculture, average levels of fertilizer application per hectare of arable land are not high enough for sustainable production. One of the major constraints is the relatively low natural fertility status of the soils which contain excessive Fe and Al oxides. Agriculture is also often practised on sandy soils so that the heavy rainfall causes large losses of nutrients through leaching. In general, nutrient removal by crops such as sugarcane and tropical fruits is much more than the average nutrient application via fertilization, especially in regions with a long history of agricultural production. In the recently developed areas, especially in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) where agriculture has expanded since 1980, soils are even poorer than in the "old" agricultural regions, and high costs of mineral fertilizers have become a significant input factor in determining soybean, maize and cotton planting. The consumption of mineral fertilizers throughout Brazil is very uneven. According to the 1995/96 Agricultural Census, only in eight of the total of 26 Brazilian states, were 50 per cent or more of the farms treated "systematically" with mineral fertilizers; in many states it was less than 25 per cent, and in five states even less than 12 per cent (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics; Censo Agropecuario1995/96, Instituto Brazileiro de Geografia e Estadistica; IBGE, www.ibge.gov.br). The geographical application distribution pattern of mineral fertilizers may be considered as an important field of research. Understanding geographical disparities in fertilization level requires a complex approach. This includes evaluation of the availability of nutrients in the soil (and related soil properties e.g. CEC and texture), the input of nutrients with fertilizer application, and the removal of nutrients by harvested yields. When all these data are compiled, it is possible to evaluate the balance of particular nutrients for certain areas, and make conclusions as to where agricultural practices should be optimized. This kind of research is somewhat complicated, because it relies on completely different sources of data, usually from incomparable data sources, e.g. soil characteristics attributed to soil type areas, in contrast to yields by administrative regions, or farms. A priority tool in this case is the Geographical Information System (GIS), which enables attribution of data from different fields to the same territorial units, and makes possible integration of these data in an "inputoutput" model, where "input" is the natural availability of a nutrient in the soil plus fertilization, and "output" export of the same nutrient with the removed harvested yield.
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2016
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2016
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2016
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The objective of this study was to determine the maximum depth, structure, diameter and biomass of the roots of common woody species in two savanna physiognomies (savanna woodland and open woody savanna) in Brazil's Pantanal wetland. The root systems of 37 trees and 34 shrubs of 15 savanna species were excavated to measure their length and depth and estimate the total root biomass through allometric relationships with stem diameter at ground level. In general, statistical regression models between root weight and stem diameter at ground level showed a significance of P < 0.05 and R2 values close to or above 0.8. The average depths of the root system in wetland savanna woodland and open woody savanna are 0.8 ± 0.3 m and 0.7 ± 0.2 m, respectively, and differ from the root systems of savanna woody species in non-flooding areas, whose depth usually ranges from 3 to 19 m.Weattribute this difference to the adaptation of woody plant to the shallow water table, particularly during the wet season. This singularity of woody species in wetland savannas is important when considering biomass and carbon stocks for national and global carbon inventories.
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2016
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2016
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2016
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A espécie de maracujazeiro Passiflora cincinnata Mast. é nativa da caatinga, produz frutos comestíveis, e apresenta potencial agronômico de produção. Se destaca pelo colorido e odor das flores, que são de coloração rosa pálido à violeta e azul, com produção abundante de pólen de coloração alaranjada (JUNGHANS et al., 2015; OLIVERIA; RUGGIERO, 2005). O início da fase reprodutiva, após a semeadura, ocorre de cinco a seis meses. As flores abrem às 6h00 e fecham as 18h00, são autoincompatíves e apresentam 7,0 a 12 cm de diâmetro. Do aparecimento do botão floral até a antese são requeridos de 20 a 24 dias. No verão, a taxa de flores que chega a antese é de 93% e no inverno de 35 a 60% (JUNGHANS et al., 2015; OLIVERIA; RUGGIERO, 2005). A capacidade reprodutiva da espécie é limitada pelo aborto de flores e frutos pequenos (APONTE; JÁUREGUI, 2004), de modo que informações referentes à biologia floral e vingamento de frutos são importantes para as diferentes regiões brasileiras. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho quantificar a taxa de floração e o pegamento de frutos de dois acessos dos acessos CBAF 2334 e CPEF 2220 de P. cincinnata.
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2016
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2016
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Foram conduzidos cinco experimentos em casa de vegetação, para determinação das doses e dos teores adequados e tóxicos de Zn no solo e na planta para as culturas de arroz de terras altas, feijão, milho, soja e trigo.
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Acessos diferentes de uma mesma espécie de maracujá podem apresentar variabilidade genética, possibilitando seu uso como genitores divergentes com relação às características físicas e químicas dos frutos (SOUZA et al., 2012). Neste trabalho, objetivou-se a caracterização físico-química dos frutos de acessos CBAF 2334 e CPEF 2220 de P. cincinnata, cultivados no Cerrado.
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A capacidade reprodutiva da espécie é limitada pelo aborto de flores e frutos pequenos (APONTE; JÁUREGUI, 2004), de modo que informações referentes à biologia floral e vingamento de frutos são importantes para as diferentes regiões brasileiras. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho quantificar a taxa de floração e o pegamento de frutos de dois acessos dos acessos CBAF 2334 e CPEF 2220 de P. cincinnata.