Prevención de hemorragia postparto con misoprostol bucal transcesárea en pacientes con riesgo de atonía uterina

Antecedentes: La causa más frecuente de muerte materna es la hemorragia obstétrica por atonía uterina. Aun con manejo activo del tercer periodo del parto con oxitocina, casi la mitad de las pacientes necesitará fármacos adicionales para controlar la hemorragia durante la cesárea. Objetivo: Demostrar que la administración de Misoprostol bucal durante la cesárea disminuye la utilización de fármacos uterotónicos adicionales y previene la hemorragia obstétrica. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble ciego en el que se estudiaron 120 mujeres con factores de riesgo de atonía uterina a quienes se realizó cesárea bajo bloqueo epidural. Fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a dos grupos: el grupo experimental fue tratado con 400 mcg de Misoprostol y el grupo placebo con 800 mcg de ácido fólico. Ambos grupos recibieron el tratamiento vía bucal después del pinzamiento del cordón umbilical además de infusión de oxitocina. Las variables a estudiar fueron el requerimiento de fármacos uterotónicos adicionales y el diagnóstico de hemorragia obstétrica. Resultados: Más mujeres en el grupo placebo requirieron al menos un fármaco uterotónico adicional. (40% y 10%, RR 0.16, IC 95%, 0.06-0.44, p=0.01). La incidencia de hemorragia obstétrica fue mayor el grupo placebo (20% y 5%, RR 0.21, IC 95% 0.05-0.79, p=0.025) al igual que la incidencia de atonía uterina (25% y 8.3%, RR 0.27, IC 95% 0.09-0.80, p=0.026). Conclusión: La aplicación de Misoprostol en el espacio bucal durante la cesárea disminuyó la necesidad de utilizar fármacos uterotónicos adicionales para tratar atonía uterina y la incidencia de hemorragia obstétrica.

Frequency of metabolic syndrome in women treated at the Menopause Clinic of the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of the UANL in Northeastern Mexico

Objectives: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with menopause, and to compare the incidence of MS between surgical and natural menopause. Methods: This was an observational, longitudinal, descriptive, retrospective, unblinded study of cases seen at the Menopause Clinic of the University Hospital “Dr. José eleuterio González” of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León from March 2009 to December 2011. The frequency of MS was determined based on Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) classiication. Results: at the end of the study, 391 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 50.1 years. We found a frequency of MS of 38.1%, the risk factor most often found was low HDL cholesterol (62.5%), followed by obesity (46.5%), hypercholesterolemia (42.3%), hyperglycemia (11.5%), and hypertension (7.7%). The incidence of natural and surgical menopause was 37.6% vs. 39.2% respectively; however, the result was not statistically signiicant (p = 0.093). Conclusions: Patients with menopause are at increased risk of developing MS. it is important to detect MS early in this of patients, when they have one risk factor to avoid complications which may trigger the syndrome. We recommend screening for MS during perimenopause, in order to detect and try to delay it in a timely manner and recommend primary prevention (diet and exercise), or secondary prevention in cases with one or more risk factors.

Frequency of metabolic syndrome in women treated at the Menopause Clinic of the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of the UANL in Northeastern Mexico

Objectives: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with menopause, and to compare the incidence of MS between surgical and natural menopause. Methods: This was an observational, longitudinal, descriptive, retrospective, unblinded study of cases seen at the Menopause Clinic of the University Hospital “Dr. José eleuterio González” of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León from March 2009 to December 2011. The frequency of MS was determined based on Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) classiication. Results: at the end of the study, 391 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 50.1 years. We found a frequency of MS of 38.1%, the risk factor most often found was low HDL-cholesterol (62.5%), followed by obesity (46.5%), hypercholesterolemia (42.3%), hyperglycemia (11.5%), and hypertension (7.7%). The incidence of natural and surgical menopause was 37.6% vs. 39.2% respectively; however, the result was not statistically signiicant (p = 0.093). Conclusions: Patients with menopause are at increased risk of developing MS. it is important to detect MS early in this of patients, when they have one risk factor to avoid complications which may trigger the syndrome. We recommend screening for MS during perimenopause, in order to detect and try to delay it in a timely manner and recommend primary prevention (diet and exercise), or secondary prevention in cases with one or more risk factors.