Arte y juego en el hospital pediátrico: un acercamiento interdisciplinario

La infancia transcurre entre la imaginación y el juego. Un palo es un caballo, una caja un castillo, un árbol un gigante y una cama una embarcación que tras- lada a tierras fantásticas, no importa que esa cama sea la de un hospital. El presente escrito narra la experiencia del Taller de juguetes de artistas desarrollada en la ludoteca del Hospital Regional Materno Infantil de Alta Especialidad, que brinda servicio a la población de bajos recursos en el estado de Nuevo León, México.

Estudio retrospectivo de fracturas mandibulares en el Hospital Metropolitano “Bernardo Sepúlveda” SSNL, en el periodo de Marzo del 2011 a Agosto del 2014

Introducción: El objetivo general del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de las fracturas mandibulares tomando en cuenta la edad, sexo, causa y zona anatómica afectada. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo dentro del Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Metropolitano “Bernardo Sepúlveda” SSNL, entre los años 2011 y 2014, registrando todas las fracturas del servicio de cirugía maxilofacial. Se recopiló información de acuerdo a edad, sexo, causa y zona anatómica afectada.. El total de pacientes fue de 141, sumando un total de 176 fracturas. Resultados: de los cuales el 84% (n = 119) fueron hombres y 16% (n = 22) mujeres (razón 5.40:1). El rango de edad de los pacientes fue de 4 a 68 años con promedio de 29.18. La causa más frecuente fue asalto 75.17% (n=106). Por zona anatómica encontramos que la mas frecuente fue el angulo mandibular en 62.41% (n=88), seguida de fracturas de sínfisis/parasinfisis 34.04% (n=48). Conclusión: La causa mas frecuente fue por asalto, seguidas por caídas. El grupo de edad que presenta mayor numero de fracturas mandibulares es el grupo comprendido entre 20 a 29 años, el sexo masculino predomino y el área anatómica mas frecuente fue el ángulo mandibular.

Biobanks: Experience of the School of Medicine and the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Medical research has greatly beneited from molecular biology and increasingly relies on tools from the “omics” disciplines (mainly genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics). The availability of biological samples preserved with high quality standards is a sine qua non condition for such studies and their repositories are referred to as biobanks. Biobanks support the transportation, storage, preservation, and initial pathological and analytical examinations of biospecimens, as well as the protection of relevant information and the comparison of clinical and laboratory findings. A biobank facility is one of the most valuable tools the academic medicine organizations can offer to their researchers to improve the competitiveness of their current and future medical research. it acts as an essential bridge and an effective catalyst for research synergies between basic and clinical sciences, and it can be potentiated with efforts to raise funds for acquiring and maintaining cutting-edge analytical infrastructure to better serve its clinical, pharmaceutical and biotech clients.

Sensitization to indoor aeroallergens in children who attended the Allergy Service of the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of Monterrey, Mexico

Background: Indoor aeroallergens are the main cause of sensitization in children and represent a risk factor for the development of allergic diseases. Objective: Identify the major indoor aeroallergens most often sensitized to pediatric patients treated at the Allergy Service at the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of Monterrey Methods: We performed an observational and descriptive study where we reviewed reports of positive skin tests to the following common indoor aeroallergens: Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus), Canis familiaris (C. familiaris), Felis domesticus (F. domesticus), Blattella germanica (B. germanica) and Periplaneta americana (P. americana), found in patients under 16 years with symptoms of allergy, during the period of 2011-2012. Results: We performed 439 skin tests to aeroallergens in pediatric patients. Of these, 57.6% were male and 42.4% were female. Mean age was 6.3 years. The age groups were under 3 years: 17.8%, 3-5 years: 35%, 6-12 years: 36%, and 13-16 years: 11.2%. The main diagnoses were: allergic rhinitis (71.8%), asthma (16.6%), and atopic dermatitis (4.3%). In 57.9% of the cases, they had at least one positive skin test to any aeroallergen. The rate of sensitization to speciic aeroallergens was: D. Pteronyssinus 49.0%, D. farinae 44.6%, B. germanica 13.9%, P. Americana 10.9%, F. domesticus 10.7%, and C. familiaris 5.9%. Conclusion: Indoor aeroallergen sensitization can occur early in life, although it was more frequent in the preschooler and elementary school group. Dust house mites were the most commom cause of allergic sensitization.

Impact of a fall prevention program in the Internal Medicine wards of a tertiary care university hospital

Objective: To determine whether a falls prevention program reduces the incidence of falls within a hospital. Materials and methods: Each patient admitted to the Internal Medicine ward was classiied into a risk category (high, medium, low) according to the scale of J.H. Downton, and then various general and speciic measures were applied by risk group. Interventions included appointments, teaching materials, and training of medical staff and family. Furthermore, a registration system was developed that allowed adverse event fe edback to the program and identiicat ion of the causes of the fall. The SPSS version 20.0 was used for the data analysis. Descriptive analysis was used for quantitative variables, and qualitative variables were expressed as proportions. To compare the rate of pre- and post-program implementation falls, x 2 was used, with a  = 0.05 determining a signiicant statistical value. Results: Since the implementation of the program, the rate of falls per 1000 days/patient decreased from 1.9 in 2007 to 0.67 in the period 2008-2013, representing a decrease of the rate of falls of up to 70%, with a statistically signiicant difference (P=.02). Conclusions: The implementation of a falls prevention program is an effective tool and reduces the rate and complications associated with them.