ESTRUCTURA DEL PAISAJE Y DESARROLLO TURÍSTICO EN LA FILA BRUNQUEÑA, COSTA RICA

Los  espacios  rurales  durante  las  últimas  décadas  se  han  transformado  aceleradamente  producto  de cambios en las dinámicas económicas. Esta investigación realizada en la Fila Brunqueña, caracteriza la estructura del paisaje durante los años de 1960, 1972 y 2007, utilizando los índices biométricos como son el de forma, de borde, de tipo de uso, de tamaño de fragmento, de número de fragmento, los cuales se complementan con las variables de distribución de estos fragmentos en función de la pendiente y su localización con respecto a  los cuerpos de aguas superficiales. Se concluye que durante  los cuarenta últimos años se ha presentado una fuerte restauración ecológica, condiciones que están amenazadas en el actual desarrollo turístico.Palabras claves: Ecología del Paisaje, fragmentación de bosques, desarrollo turístico, Costa RicaAbstract:During  the  last decades,  rural spaces have  transformed  rapidly as  result of  the changes  in economic  dynamics. This investigation was carried out in Fila Brunqueña, Costa Rica, characterizing the structure of the landscape during the years 1960, 1972 and 2007, using biometric indexes such as form, borders, type of use, size of fragment and number of fragments. Those indexes are complemented with the distribution variables of these fragments in terms of slope of the land in relation to the rivers and creeks. This study concluded that during the last forty years there has been strong ecological restoration. However, ecological conditions are threatened by the current tourism development model.Key Words: Costa Rica, Ecological Landscape, Forest Fragmentation, Tourism Development, Costa Rican

A INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTOQUE DE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DO SOLO EM FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA

In the Atlantic forest biome, very fragmented and with high diversity of ecosystems, of species, and high endemism degree, the maintenance of the status of the biological diversity presupposes the recovery and conservation of the mosaic of existent fragments. In that context, the use of global functional indicators for the evaluation of the state of conservation of fragments, for the character of systemic synthesis that they act becomes interesting. In tropical forests ecosystems, the surface organic matter stock of the soil is one functional indicator of the decomposition subsystem and they are responsible in big measured by the maintenance and survival of the communities of those ecosystems group. The human action when fragmenting the forest ecosystems, as it substitutes the native forest for different forms of use of the soil, it creates different head offices that they exercise pressures differentiated on the fragment and, consequently, on the operation of the fundamental processes of the ecosystem that represents it. Thus, in the sense of understanding the state of functional conservation of fragments forest remainders of the Atlantic forest, in the extent of the Environmental Protection Area of Petrópolis - Rio de Janeiro, which interferes in the Mosaic of Units of Conservation of the Fluminense Central Atlantic forest and, in a larger scale still, in the Ecological Corridor of the Serra do Mar, in the present study the stock of organic matter of surface of four forest fragments in summer of 2008 and summer of 2009 are analyzed comparatively.