An Analysis from a Socio-critical Approach

This paper analyzes the political and ideological dimensions of disability, from a socio-critical approach, in order to identify key structural processes underlying the educational policies concerning disability. The paper compares the ideas and approaches of various authors, and points out the relevance of the topic to promote inclusive education in higher education.

La atención a la diversidad: experiencia del Proyecto UNA Educación de Calidad, de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica

Recibido 16 de julio de 2010 • Aceptado 31 de agosto de 2010 • Corregido 04 de octubre de 2010  Debido al marco jurídico actual, en los últimos años, el sistema educativo costarricense ha experimentado cambios significativos, tanto en los niveles internacional como nacional. Estos van desde la promulgación de la Ley 7600 Igualdad de Oportunidades para las Personas con Discapacidad en Costa Rica (Costa Rica, Asamblea Legislativa,1996) hasta el planteamiento de la Ley 8661 Convención sobre los Derechos Humanos de las Personas con Discapacidad (Costa Rica, Asamblea Legislativa, 2008). Por lo anterior, el espacio temporal en el que emergió el Proyecto UNA Educación de Calidad, en 1998 y el contexto en el cual estaba inmerso el Sistema Educativo Nacional, particularmente, en el ámbito universitario, la propuesta pedagógica que se presenta da muestra de una transición entre el modelo rehabilitador y el modelo social, específicamente, dentro de cada uno de estos, el respectivo abordaje educativo, que abarca desde los procedimientos de la integración a los de la educación inclusiva. Desde esta perspectiva, se presenta las vivencias y estrategias desplegadas desde el Proyecto UNA Educación de Calidad. El fin es proporcionar apoyo y seguimiento, en su formación profesional, a un grupo de la diversidad, constituido por los estudiantes con necesidades educativas matriculados en la Universidad Nacional. De esta forma, se pretenden hacer efectivos sus derechos de acceder a una educación superior de calidad, de acuerdo con sus características personales y sociales, y promover su permanencia e inserción socio-laboral. Los retos que impone la atención a la diversidad en el contexto universitario son un desafío plasmado en el quehacer cotidiano del Proyecto UNA Educación de Calidad. Estas transformaciones se vislumbran en la constante reconstrucción de las estrategias utilizadas, al tener, como aspectos esenciales, el empleo de equipo tecnológico y programas de computación especializados. Estos les permitirán a los estudiantes acceder a la información y a la comunicación; la asesoría y la capacitación de los académicos y del personal administrativo; el establecimiento de estrategias de apoyo colaborativo entre los miembros de la comunidad universitaria, así como, la búsqueda de cooperación en el ámbito nacional e internacional para el desarrollo de nueva iniciativas.

The Support Educational Commitee Participation in the Pedagogical Approach of an Educational Integration

Educational services are essential to social and economical development of people, mainly to the progress of all sectors of society. Establishing actions that can promote the participation of various social groups is essential to improve their quality of life and building more respectful and fair human rights without any discrimination or exclusion. In recent years, the Costa Rican education system has undergone significant changes due to the pedagogical approach of inclusive education in which students with educational needs may require different support and specialized resources for training and development. For this, the Basic Educational Division of the Center for Teaching and Research in Education, generated a concern of investigating the participation of the Committee of Educational Support in the process of educational integration, thus, determine the functions performed in the educational context, under the rules of the 7600 Equal Opportunity Act for people with disabilities, which is the entity that corresponds to regulate access to education by identifying the support required for students with educational needs and, advice and trains, administrative staff in schools both public and private in the country. In addition, there is also a concern for exploring the role of the Special Education teacher for this Committee, as well as learning the perceptions of teachers and parents about the functions performed by the committee.

Skills in the XXI Century Guidance: An Approach to the Costa Rican Reality

During a long time, the term competence has been used in different fields. Among those fields, and one of the most important, we can mention the educational system, from preschool to university levels. The term has to be understood as one person integral behavior, making him/her able to enter the labor force in the most competitive way. Within the university realm, experts have tried to include the model of competences as a transversal axle into the teaching-learning process. In European universities, such model has been implemented in most of them. In Latin America universities, on the other hand, it has been used in a good number of countries. The importance of early detection of competences among target populations in education has been widely discussed. However, it has been highlighted the necessity of considering romantic or subjective competences, which seem to lack of value in this complex and competitive actual world. The term competence has been classified as genetic competence, or common and specific competence. The latter is related to the knowledge scope. Within the counseling field, specifically, the general and specific competences are deemed highly appropriate for good a work performance. This article focuses on the main antecedents of competences and analyzes this approach from counseling field perspective. In regards to this specific aspect, a survey with professionals in counseling was carried out. Such a survey ends up dealing with some of the competences considered unavoidable for an accurate performance of professionals in counseling. It is important to mention that the competences of the survey mainly point out to genetic competences rather than to specific competences.

Talent in first, second, and third graders: teachers’ perspectives vs. educational reality

The article addresses the subject of talent by emphasizing different conceptions about talent and by proposing an approach to this theme, from the point of view of talent in boys and girls. It also provides an analysis of research conducted with first, second, and third graders in public and private schools of the Costa Rican Education System. Using questionnaires and observations of the dynamics of the classroom as measurement tools, this study contrasts teachers` expectations about their students’ talent with the reality of the class environment, pointing out the existing abyss between teachers’ beliefs and their professional practices.

Educational Inclusion in the Regular Classroom: an Asperger Syndrome Case

The following paper resulted from the final research project conducted for my Master’s Degree in Teacher Training for Teachers of Primary Education (1st – 6th grade of the Basic General Education). This research project was conducted under the supervision of the Rural Education Division of the Center for Research and Teaching in Education (CIDE-UNA, Spanish acronym), in coordination with the Central America Educational and Cultural Coordination (CECC). The research is qualitative with an interpretative approach. Our main objective was to analyze the process of inclusive education in the regular classroom for a person with Asperger’s Syndrome, defined as a type of social impairment. The case study method was used in this research, as it allows a deeper study. A girl was chosen from a public school in an urban area of San José, Costa Rica. Three techniques were used to obtain information: interviews, questionnaires and documentation (personal file, behavior record, and psychological assessment) related to the girl with Asperger. The triangulation of sources was used as a method of analysis. The conclusion of the project was that regular schools may have children miss-diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome, and that our schools are still far from achieving inclusive education, but efforts are being made to achieve it. For a more opportune intervention, some recommendations based on this study were provided to the family and the school of the girl with Asperger.