CRITÉRIOS PARA A CRIAÇÃO DE UMA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIEN-TAL NA BAIXADA DE JACAREPAGUÁ (RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL)

A Baixada de Jacarepaguá é área da cidade do Rio de Janeiro de extensa planície circundada nas laterais por dois maciços (Tijuca e Pedra Branca) e que apresenta expressivo complexo lagunar. Na sua base localiza-se, ainda, uma faixa de praia do litoral atlântico. Ali se têm áreas úmidas, mangues, faixas de restinga e florestas.  Dos bairros que a compõem, Jacarepaguá tem urbanização consolidada, ao passo que a Barra da Tijuca e o Recreio dos Bandeirantes conjugam em sua urbanização dispersa grandes condomínios fechados, shopping centers, baixa provisão de infraestrutura e bolsões de pobreza. Vargem Grande, Vargem Pequena e Camorim, ainda que com baixíssima densidade, têm expressivo déficit infraestrutural, possuem muitas ocupações irregulares e sofrem ação de milicianos.  Diante de tais pressões urbanas, o trabalho visa a propor e discutir os critérios para se criar no sítio uma Área de Proteção Ambiental e Recuperação Urbana (APARU), modalidade presente na legislação urbanística carioca, levando-se em conta aspectos jurídico-políticos, sociais, geobiofísicos e arquitetônico-urbanísticos.

Dyslipidemia and blood lipid levels in patients tratied in primary care centers in east SAN JOSE

Dyslipidemia, i.e. high levels of blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), is strongly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In order to reduce the risk of CVD at any moment in a person ́s life, it is crucial to know his/her –and the population’s– lipid profile. The aim of this study was to assess the (statistical) indicators of blood lipids and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients treated in the Integral Health Attention Program from Universidad de Costa Rica. A descriptive study was conducted including 10,044 patients aged 20 to 65 years, who were tested for a blood lipid profile in 2006. A total of 2,969 (29.6%) male and 7,075 (70.4%) female patients took part in the study, with an average age of 43.5 years. General averages for blood lipids were: 203.3 mg/dl for total cholesterol, 50.1 mg/dl for HDL, 120.1 mg/dl for LDL, and 165.6 mg/dl for triglycerides. Prevalence of 17.2% was determined for hypercholesterolemia (≥240 mg/dl), as well as 21.3% for low HDL levels (<40 mg/dl), 11.9% for high LDL levels (≥160 mg/dl), and 26.3% for high triglyceride levels (≥200 mg/dl). Women showed higher overall levels of dyslipidemia than men. Based on health areas, no significant differences were found in general lipid levels by age or sex. Results indicate that the general prevalence of dyslipidemia is close to half the rate reported in worldwide literature and lower than results reported in Costa Rican studies. However, general averages exceeded optimal levels for each blood lipid; consequently, it is important to develop health interventions oriented to reduce the impact of dyslipidemia in the studied population.