PART STUDY OF PERCEPTION OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN THE LIBRARY COMMUNITY: OPINION (AS) EMPLOYERS (AS) AND GRADUATES (AS) SCHOOL LIBRARY, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION FOR THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

This article provides a brief description of some general aspects of self-evaluation process conducted in the School of Library, Documentation and Information from the National University of Costa Rica, to obtain accreditation from the career of Library and Documentation in 2005 and to achieve re-accreditation in 2009.The objective consists in a comparison between the two evaluation processes from the point of view of two specific sectors, employers and graduates, and presents the views provided by each of them as a partial analysis of the social impact assessment of educational programs in the community librarianship as a first input to raise awareness of the importance of these studies in the institutional and national level.

Body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem due to physical appeareance in students of the faculty of medicine at the university of los andes (mérida, venezuela)

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate body image dissatisfaction in relation to low self-esteem due to physical appearance in students of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Los Andes in Mérida, Venezuela.  It was a non-experimental and correlational study.  The sample included 189 students (27% male and 73% female) with an average age of 19.58 ± 1.57 (men: 19.81 years of age ± 1.74 and women: 20.24 years of age ± 1.76).  Participants were intentionally selected from first-year courses of the Medicine, Nursing and Nutrition programs.  The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) (Cooper and Taylor, 1987) was the instrument used to measure body image dissatisfaction and Graffar’s modified method (Méndez and De Méndez, 1994) was applied to determine the participants’ socioeconomic status.  A descriptive analysis (frequency, percentages, mean) and an inferential analysis (one-way ANOVA) were applied to the data using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 9.0.  One of the most important findings in this study was the determination of a statistically significant relationship between dissatisfaction and body image and between low self-esteem and gender χ2 (2, N= 189) = 9.686, p=0.008.  Using ANOVA also helped determine that differences in the mean for dissatisfaction and low self-esteem levels with body image and gender are statistically significant, F= 11.236; p=0.008, F=10.23; p=0.002, respectively.  Conclusions: results obtained suggest a relationship between dissatisfaction and low self-esteem due to physical appearance. Consequently, subjects reject their body image because of a distorted or undistorted perception of their physical appearance, which can possibly affect self-esteem.  Moreover, it is observed that the students’ psychological health is more related to their satisfaction with their body-image than to the way their body image is perceived. Consequently, this group of participants must be analyzed regarding their self-esteem due to body image, as an expression in the institutional environment.  It is also important to emphasize that gender may be a risk factor concerning eating disorders.  We believe the foregoing because women showed higher dissatisfaction levels because of their physical appearance being conditioned by a higher dissatisfaction with their perceived body image, which is characterized by an overestimation of the physical dimension of their body image.

PROPUESTA DE DESARROLLO URBANO COSTARRICENSE. ANTECEDENTES, ALTERNATIVAS Y DESAFÍOS

En  el  presente  artículo  se  desarrollan  los  aspectos principales  dentro  de  la propuesta  de  planificación  urbana  de  Costa  Rica  a  través  de  la  iniciativa  del  Plan Nacional  de  Desarrollo  Urbano  en  sus  diferentes  fases  de  trabajo.  Primeramente  se realiza  una  breve  descripción  de  los antecedentes  principales  de  las  fases  I  y  II  para luego describir lo que consistirá en la elaboración de un nuevo Plan GAM, denominado PRUGAM,  y  los  requisitos  necesarios para  su  implementación,  bajo  la  visión  del modelo  de  ciudad  generada  por  procesos  participat ivos.  Además,  se  realiza  una descripción  del  Plan  GAM  de  1982,  sus  alcances  y logros,  para  luego  realizar  una evaluación de los mismos.   Abstract:This article  shows  the main aspects  included  in  the Costarrican proposal of urban  planning  throw  the  different  phases  of  the  Nacional  Planning  of  Urban Development (PRUGAM). There is a description of the background of the project at its I and  II phases,  follow by what  is will be  the new Urban Plan call PRUGAM and  the requirements to implementation following a participative city model. Also a description of the 1982 Plan GAM, its achievements, and evaluation is done