Modelos, lenguajes y abstracción (ING)

Every construction process (whatever buildings, machines, software, etc.) requires first to make a model of the artifact that is going to be built. This model should be based on a paradigm or meta-model, which defines the basic modeling elements: which real world concepts can be represented, which relationships can be established among them, and son on. There also should be a language to represent, manipulate and think about that model. Usually this model should be redefined at various levels of abstraction. So both, the paradigm an the language, must have abstraction capacity. In this paper I characterize the relationships that exist between these concepts: model, language and abstraction. I also analyze some historical models, like the relational model for databases, the imperative programming model and the object oriented model. Finally, I remark the need to teach that model-driven approach to students, and even go further to higher level models, like component models o business models.

MODELO PARA EL ANÁLISIS DEL FORTALECIMIENTO SOCIOECONÓMICO DE LAS MIPYMES EN COSTA RICA

Resumen El efecto de múltiples variables sobre el bienestar social y económico en las pequeñas y medianas empresas puede ser analizado tomando en cuenta las condiciones sistémicas en el modelo propuesto. Este artículo ofrece un marco teórico o modelo para comprender y explicar la relación entre las variables independientes tales como el crédito, mercados, empresariedad, entre otras, y la variable dependiente tal como los ingresos, la producción o el empleo. El propósito fundamental es organizar la mayoría de variables para determinar porqué los ingresos y el empleo no es sostenible par alas pequeñas y medianas empresas. Por lo tanto, factores sociales, económicos así como culturales e institucionales han sido incluidos en el análisis. El modelo desarrollado puede ayudar a mejorar el diseño de estrategias para lograr el éxito de las pequeñas y medianas empresas y el marco de política pública para el gobierno en Costa Rica.   Abstract The effect of multiples variables on the social and economic welfare in the Small and medium size enterprises can be analized taking in account systemic conditions in this model.This paper offers a theoretical framework or model to understand and explain the relationship between independent variables such as credit, markets, entrepreneurship, among others, and dependent variable such as incomes, production or employment rate. The main idea is organize the all variables to determine why the income or employment level is not sustainable for SMEs. Therefore, social and economic factors as well as cultural and institutional components have been included in this analysis. The developed model can help to improve design and management of competitiveness strategies for SMEs and policy framework for the government in Costa Rica.