4 resultados para Menores de edad

em Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica


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ResumenEl presente artículo se propone como una disertación en torno al fenómeno del abuso sexual infantily el Backlash, comprendiendo a este último como un contra-movimiento social que buscalegitimar diversas manifestaciones de violencia en contra de las mujeres y las personas menoresde edad. En aras de alcanzar dicho propósito, el artículo parte de la conceptualización del términoabuso sexual infantil, resaltando sus principales características y consecuencias, continúa con unadiscusión conceptual en torno al Backlash y sus principales derivaciones y concluye con una reflexiónrespecto a la relación entre este y el abuso sexual infantil. Producto del recorrido emprendido seafirma que, si bien el Backlash nace como una respuesta contraria y contestataria al éxito obtenidopor el movimiento de mujeres, ha evolucionado e incursionado en otras áreas temáticas, como lo esel abuso sexual infantil, cuya comprensión y atención se ha visto influenciada por teorías “pseudocientíficas” como el síndrome de alienación parental y el síndrome de falsas memorias, desde lascuales se desacredita la revelación de las víctimas. En tanto el uso de teorías compatibles con elBacklash en procesos de custodia y juicios por denuncias de abuso sexual se encuentra en aumentovertiginoso, se concluye que el movimiento de derechos humanos debe fortalecer una respuestaconjunta y sólida frente a esta reacción extrema.AbstractThe present article is a dissertation proposal regarding the child sexual abuse phenomenon and the Backlash, being the last a social countermovement which pretends to legitimize various manifestations of violence towards women and underage people. The article starts from the conceptualization of the term child sexual abuse, highlighting its key characteristics and consequences, moving on to a conceptual discussion concerning Backlash and its main derivations, and ending in a reflection about its relationship with child sexual abuse. From the research undertaken it is stated that, while Backlash started out as a counter response to the success achieved by the women movement, it has evolved and moved into other thematic areas, such as child sexual abuse, which understanding and focus have been influenced by pseudoscientific theories like the parental alienation syndrome and the false memory syndrome, from which the victims’ declarations are discredited. While the use of Backlash compatible theories in custody processes and sexual abuse accusation trials shows an accelerated increase, it is concluded that the human rights movement needs to build up a solid and joint answer against this extreme response.Keywords:Backlash, child sexual abuse, parental alienation syndrome, false memories syndrome.

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ResumenLa identidad de una persona, adultos/as o niños/as, es un conjunto de características que particularizan a ese ser humano. Desde la infancia y hasta avanzada la edad adulta se van erigiendo rasgos que servirán para afianzar una identidad propia; la mayoría de estas características se toman a muy temprana edad y por lo tanto, debe delimitarse muy bien no solo el derecho que tienen las personas menores de edad a tener una identidad propia y estatalmente resguardada, sino también, se debe valorar y hacer respetar al derecho que tienen a formarla. Los instrumentos internacionales destinados a la protección de los derechos de las personas menoresasí como el Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia costarricense, no delimitan claramente el derecho a la identidad en general y del todo son omisos en relación con el derecho de los/as infantes a conformar su identidad.Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos de las niñas y los niños, identidad, formación de la identidad, derecho a la identidad.AbstractThe identity of a person, adults or children, is a set of characteristics that distinguish that human being. Traits that will strengthen one’s own identity are erected from childhood to advanced adulthood; mostof these features are acquired at an early age and therefore, they should not only be delimited by the right minors have of their own and state protected identity, but also, their rights of identity formationshould be assessed and enforced. International instruments aimed at the protection of the rights of children, as well as the Costa Rican code of children and adolescents, do not clearly delimit the right to identity in general and are entirely neglectful in relation to the right of infants to shape their identity.Keywords: Human Rights of Children, identity, identity’s training, right to the identity.  

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Until the middle of the XVIII Century, children were considered as miniature adults, but with Jean Jacob Rousseau the study of the development of the human being was started and the foundation was set up for the new science of Paidology (the study of children), wich focuses on the different intellectual and physical conflicts which children face, and also for other sciencies such as Paidofilaxis, Pueroculture and Pediatrics. The Society of Nations, created, in 1919, the Consultancy for the Trafficking of Women and the Protection of Children, and in Geneva, the International Union for Aid was founded in 1920. In Argentina, the First American Congress for Children was organized in 1916, and others followed. The first Declaration of Childrens Right was proclaimed in 1924 and then followed the first Ten Commandments of Childrens Rights. In Costa Rica in 1929, a project was presented for the Constitutional Congress to establish an institution for the protection of children, wich was duly enacted into law in 1930 with the name of National Institution for the Protection of Children (Patronato Nacional de la Infancia, PANI) whose duty was to oversee the welfare of minors and their physical, intellectual, moral and emotional development. In 1930, the first Declaration of the Rights for Costarrican Children was proclaimed. The creation of the PANI, the declaration of Childrens Rights, and the enactment of a Code for Infants (1932), constitute the three events that signal Costa Rica as one of the pioneers countries in Latin American and the World, in the protectionof children and mothers. At the end of the article, some of the crucial events that have happened during the decades that PANI has been working in the country are analized.

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ResumenEl siguiente artículo busca conceptualizar inicialmente el fenómeno de la explotación sexual comercial con el objetivo de vislumbrar los principales enfoques que predominan en su abordaje. Asimismo, caracteriza y analiza desde una postura género sensitiva, el modelo cíclico de respuestas articuladas, gestado e implementado en Costa Rica como una estrategia eficaz en la protección integral de las personas menores de edad víctimas de explotación comercial. Dicho análisis, se enfoca en la experiencia teórica y práctica de la Escuela de Psicología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, al ser la instancia costarricense que posee mayor experticia enel uso del modelo. Producto de la investigación realizada, se concluye que en la actualidad se presenta una yuxtaposición de enfoques en la atención de la explotación sexual comercial; asimismo, se vislumbra la necesidad de crear e implementar formas de abordaje que impacten directamente en la proclividad y en la demanda del comercio sexual con personas menores de 18 años. Por último, se destaca la eficacia del modelo cíclico de respuestas articuladas enel abordaje de este fenómeno, al instituirse en una modalidad de atención congruente con la complejidad de factores implicados en dicha problemática.Palabras clave: modelos de intervención, explotación sexual comercial, género, derechos humanos. AbstractThe present article is an attempt to conceptualize the commercial sexual exploitation phenomenon in order to glimpse the main approaches related to its study. Moreover, it characterizes and analyzesfrom a gender-sensitive posture the cyclic model of articulated responses, gestated and implemented in Costa Rica as an effective strategy in the integral protection of child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. This analysis focuses on theoretical and practical experience from the University of Costa Rica’s School of Psychology, being the instance in this country with the most expertise in the application of this model. As a result of the research conducted, it is concluded that there is a juxtaposition of approaches in the attention of commercial sexual exploitation; in addition, the need of creating and implementing approaching methods that directly impact the tendency and demand ofcommercial sexual exploitation of children is noted. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cyclic model of articulated responses in the treatment of this phenomenon is emphasized, being an approach notably congruent with the complexity of factors implicated in this problem. Keywords: intervention models, commercial sexual exploitation, gender, human rights.