A Pedagogical Strategy for Integrated Education of Spanish in the 4th to 6th Grades of the General Basic Education

Language teaching has become a priority in the Costa Rican educational system, considering it as a tool for communication and development of thought. Without language, there is no access to other curriculum disciplinary knowledge. A successful experience conducted some years ago, with students from 4th to 6th grade, was the basis for the design and implementation of a professional development activity addressed to promoting an integration strategy previously adjusted according to the Ministry’s requirements and the existing national regulations. This study is developed in the framework of a qualitative paradigm including research-action and systematization. A purposive sample was selected based on a suitability factor, through which individuals are informed about the strategy, and then the strategy is applied to a group of students from urban-marginal areas. The techniques used include literature review, analysis of curriculum and Ministry’s regulations, application of an in-depth interview, discussions from the course’s participant in a portfolio, and discussions from students to whom the strategy was applied. We analyzed the considerations of teachers and students, as well as the theoretical and regulatory information by triangulation. The study’s conclusion is the necessity of a communicative approach in language teaching and our recommendation is to implement the strategy developed in the Costa Rican classrooms as provided in this paper.

EXPERIENCIA MUNICIPAL EN EL USO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN TERRITORIAL

En el Área Metropolitana de San José (AMSJ), 14 Municipalidades se esfuerzan por realizar mejoras sustanciales en la administración de los territorios, la gestión de cobro de impuestos y servicios y el desarrollo de planes de Ordenamiento Territorial Local (Planes Reguladores). Dentro de este ámbito,  la  implementación de un Sistema de Información Territorial (SIT), cobra especial relevancia, por lo que la Municipalidad de Escazú, ha desarrollado proyectos que le han permitido contestar preguntas cruciales en torno de la implementación de un SIT, entre ellas, ¿Por qué se necesita un SIT en la Municipalidad?, ¿Cómo implementarlo?, ¿Se debe ajustar el SIT a la Municipalidad o esta última debe ajustarse al SIT?, ¿Cuánto cuesta y cuánto se tarda para tener un SIT?. El proceso no ha sido fácil, y probablemente el camino para implementar con éxito un SIT no sea único o idéntico para todas las organizaciones, sin embargo, todo aquello que haya sido utilizado y probado puede ser de utilidad para otros.Palabras clave: Gestión municipal, Sistema de  Información Territorial, Sistema de  información Geográfca, Sistema de Información Catastral, Planifcación urbana, Formulación de proyectos.Abstract At Área Metropolitana de San José (AMSJ), 14 municipalities are making efforts to improve their systems for taxes collection and Urban Land Planning in order to achieve sustainable development of their territories. At this stage, implementation of a Geographical Information System (GIS) or Territorial Information System (SIT, in Spanish) takes on special relevance. The city of Escazú has developed projects that have allowed it in turn to answer crucial questions concerning implementation of a SIT, such as: Why is it necessary for a municipality to have a SIT? How does it work? Does the organization have to adjust to the SIT or should the SIT be adjusted to the needs of the organization? Finally, how much does it cost to implement a SIT and how long will it take? The process has not been easy, and probably the way to implement a successful SIT is not the same for every municipality. Nevertheless, the experiences of one municipality can be useful for others seeking to implement such a system. Key words: Municipal management, Territorial Information System, Geographical Information System, Catastral Information System, Urban Land Planning, Project Management.