Papel reproductivo y productivo de las mujeres esclavas en Costa Rica en el siglo XVIII

ResumenEste trabajo trata sobre la explotación sexual y económica que enfrentaron las mujeres esclavas en la provincia de Costa Rica durante el siglo XVIII. De ahí que se estudia su papel como reproductoras de mano de obra revisando la legislación emitida a este respecto. Así mismo se analiza su rol como productoras de riqueza examinando las diferentes funciones económicas que cumplieron, como mano de obra y mercancía. Además se hace referencia a los castigos a que fueron sometidas, a las enfermedades que sufrieron y a algunas de sus estrategias de resistencia ante la explotación y abuso de que fueron objeto.AbstractThis article is about the sexual and economic exploitation that female slaves faced in the province of Costa Rica during the eighteenth century. It studies their role as reproducers of slave labor reviewing the colonial legislation in this respect. It also analyzes their role as wealth producers examining the different economic functions that they fulfilled as labor force and merchandise. In addition it refers to the punishments, to the diseases suffered by these slave women, and to some of their strategies to survive the abuse and exploitation they faced

Skills in the XXI Century Guidance: An Approach to the Costa Rican Reality

During a long time, the term competence has been used in different fields. Among those fields, and one of the most important, we can mention the educational system, from preschool to university levels. The term has to be understood as one person integral behavior, making him/her able to enter the labor force in the most competitive way. Within the university realm, experts have tried to include the model of competences as a transversal axle into the teaching-learning process. In European universities, such model has been implemented in most of them. In Latin America universities, on the other hand, it has been used in a good number of countries. The importance of early detection of competences among target populations in education has been widely discussed. However, it has been highlighted the necessity of considering romantic or subjective competences, which seem to lack of value in this complex and competitive actual world. The term competence has been classified as genetic competence, or common and specific competence. The latter is related to the knowledge scope. Within the counseling field, specifically, the general and specific competences are deemed highly appropriate for good a work performance. This article focuses on the main antecedents of competences and analyzes this approach from counseling field perspective. In regards to this specific aspect, a survey with professionals in counseling was carried out. Such a survey ends up dealing with some of the competences considered unavoidable for an accurate performance of professionals in counseling. It is important to mention that the competences of the survey mainly point out to genetic competences rather than to specific competences.