Towars a chemical reagents and residues management at the teaching laboratories of the Chemistry School of the Universidad Nacional

The academic activities carried out at the School of Chemistry make indispensable to develop actions oriented toward the consolidation of a reagent and residue management system, especially in the teaching laboratories. The project “Management of reagents and residues in the teaching laboratories of the School of Chemistry” works under the Green Chemistry values which designs products and chemical processes that reduce or eliminate the use and production of dangerous substances, to benefit the environment. With a preventive vision, a change from the  laboratory practices is looked to select those with less environmental impact. Additionally, residue quantification is made and its management protocols are developed for each practice. The project has several stages: diagnose, action implementation, student, teacher and administration personnel training and evaluation during the process and at the end of it. The article describes methodological aspects of the project operation emphasizing on reagent and residue quantification through flow diagrams.

METODOLOGÍA PARA LA GESTIÓN DE CUENCAS HIDROGRÁFICAS SIGUIENDO EL ENFOQUE DEL RIESGO INTEGRAL

Se presenta metodología general del enfoque de riesgo a través de la tecnología de los Sistemas de Información Geográfcos, la evolución de los conceptos del enfoque integral de riesgo como apoyo a la Gestión de las Cuencas Hidrográfcas y su evolución. Mediante ejemplos de proyectos realizados con base en una metodología integradora en la variable de riesgo, que es útil, para realizar un ordenamiento integral de los recursos ambientales (biofísicos, socioeconómico-culturales) a nivel de la Cuenca Hidrográfca.El grado de riesgo se determina, partiendo de que el riesgo se entiende como una evaluación cognoscitiva de las pérdidas que pueden ocurrirle a un elemento expuesto, de acuerdo con sus características, su situación y un contexto particular de tiempo y de espacio, el análisis, cuantifca espacialmente el grado de riesgo, utilizando la tecnología SIG.El modelo general de ordenamiento territorial con énfasis en prevención en el que se considere el riesgo como una función de la amenaza y de la vulnerabilidad, esto es, r = f(A,V) Finalmente, se  introduce  la evolución de  los conceptos con el aporte de  los escenarios de amenazas y el manejo de la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica que permite aplicar el enfoque de riesgo integral, por medio de la tecnología SIG.Palabras claves: Amenaza, vulnerabilidad, riesgo, manejo integrado de recursos naturales,ordenamiento territorial, Sistemas de Información Geográfcos.Abstract General methodology of focusing on risk is presented through the technology of the Geographic Information System (GIS), the evolution of the concepts of the integral focus of risk as a support to the management of Hydrographic Watershed and its evolution.Through  examples of  completed projects,  an  integrative methodology  is made of  the  risk variable that is useful to achieving an integral ordering of the environmental resources (biophysics, socioeconomic-cultural) at the Hydrographic Watershed level.The risk degree is determined, starting form the premise that the risk can be understood as a cognitive evaluation from the losses that can happen to an exposed element, according to their characteristics, situation and a particular context of time and space, the quantifed analysis, especially of the degree of risk, using GIS technology.The general model of territorial ordering, with emphasis on prevention and what is considered the risk as a function of the hazard and the vulnerability, that is: r = f(A, V).Finally, evolution of the concepts is introduced, with the contribution of the hazard scenarios and management of the socioeconomic vulnerability that allows application of the risk focus, by GIS technology.Key words: hazards, vulnerability, risk, integrated management of natural resources, territorial ordering, GIS, Geographic Information Systems.