BRASIL: HACIA UN NUEVO BLOQUE HISTÓRICO

La coalición de fuerzas políticas que sostuvo el gobierno Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante cerca de ocho años entró definitivamente en crisis. El origen de esta crisis se encuentra en el agotamiento de una política económica que parecía exitosa en su comienzo pero que llevó de hecho el país a una de las más graves crisis de su historia.Esta fue la historia de las experiencias neoliberales de los años 90. Salinas duró seis años de esplendor, hasta la crisis del 94. Menen alcanzó reelegirse una vez pero no logró la segunda reelección hasta que su país entró en la dramática crisis actual. Fujimori también logró una reelección y cayó cuando quiso imponer su tercer mandato. En Venezuela la crisis explotó en el “Caracazo”, con Andrés Pérez en el gobierno, pero fue suplantada con más diez años de consenso neoliberal, que ganó la mayoría de la izquierda y pasó el bastión de la oposición al líder del intento insurreccional que se ligara al “Caracazo”: Hugo Chávez.

Body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem due to physical appeareance in students of the faculty of medicine at the university of los andes (mérida, venezuela)

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate body image dissatisfaction in relation to low self-esteem due to physical appearance in students of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Los Andes in Mérida, Venezuela.  It was a non-experimental and correlational study.  The sample included 189 students (27% male and 73% female) with an average age of 19.58 ± 1.57 (men: 19.81 years of age ± 1.74 and women: 20.24 years of age ± 1.76).  Participants were intentionally selected from first-year courses of the Medicine, Nursing and Nutrition programs.  The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) (Cooper and Taylor, 1987) was the instrument used to measure body image dissatisfaction and Graffar’s modified method (Méndez and De Méndez, 1994) was applied to determine the participants’ socioeconomic status.  A descriptive analysis (frequency, percentages, mean) and an inferential analysis (one-way ANOVA) were applied to the data using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 9.0.  One of the most important findings in this study was the determination of a statistically significant relationship between dissatisfaction and body image and between low self-esteem and gender χ2 (2, N= 189) = 9.686, p=0.008.  Using ANOVA also helped determine that differences in the mean for dissatisfaction and low self-esteem levels with body image and gender are statistically significant, F= 11.236; p=0.008, F=10.23; p=0.002, respectively.  Conclusions: results obtained suggest a relationship between dissatisfaction and low self-esteem due to physical appearance. Consequently, subjects reject their body image because of a distorted or undistorted perception of their physical appearance, which can possibly affect self-esteem.  Moreover, it is observed that the students’ psychological health is more related to their satisfaction with their body-image than to the way their body image is perceived. Consequently, this group of participants must be analyzed regarding their self-esteem due to body image, as an expression in the institutional environment.  It is also important to emphasize that gender may be a risk factor concerning eating disorders.  We believe the foregoing because women showed higher dissatisfaction levels because of their physical appearance being conditioned by a higher dissatisfaction with their perceived body image, which is characterized by an overestimation of the physical dimension of their body image.