DEMANDA TRIMESTRAL POR EMISIÓN MONETARIA: ESTIMACIÓN MEDIANTE TRES TÉCNICAS ESTADÍSTICAS

Este documento presenta la estimación de la demanda trimestral por emisión monetaria mediante tres técnicas estadísticas, a saber: mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, corrección de errores y vectores autorregresivos. La estimación de la demanda se realizó para el periodo 1987–1997. En general las ecuaciones estimadas presentaron resultados satisfactorios en términos económicos y estadísticos. La capacidad de predicción se verificó con los bajos errores de pronóstico, inferiores al 3% para 1997. Se comprobó la estabilidad de la demanda de corto y largo plazo mediante los estadísticos Cusum y Cusum-Cuadrado, así como con la prueba de cointegración de Johansen.

Construcción del perfil profesional docente de sétimo año: respuesta a una necesidad actual

In our country, the seventh grade is the level with the highest desertion and failure rate in high school. This was the main reason that motivated this group of researchers to define the teachers’ professional profile at this level. Based on a definition of the teachers’ characteristics, the concept of how a profile should be, the age features of seventh graders and all those aspects that benefit the teaching-learning processes, the optimum and required profile of the seventh graders’ teachers is proposed.

La población estudiantil en el sétimo año de la educación pública costarricense

Seventh grade students share personal characteristics that are analyzed in this paper based on the teachers´ performance of the proper mediation for the students´ learning. The results of an investigation done with the model of teachers´ profiles at this level will be the basis for this paper (Alfaro et al, 2008a). We conclude that the biopsychosocial development and maturational stage of the transit-preteen-teen children must be the domain of faculty at this level, as well as, the socioeconomic context of family and social contexts of their students.

La importancia de la educación ambiental ante la problemática actual

The dominant development system with its neoliberal policies and market-centered approaches contribute to aggravate the socio-environmental problems, under the context of the globalization of the market. For that reason, the concern about the sustainable development of the environment makes highly necessary the structuring of an environmental education that forms and informs about this problem. As a result, environmental education constitutes the educational process that deals with the relation between the human being and his/her environment (natural and man-made) and with itself, as well as the effects caused by this relation. In this way, environmental education must constitute an integral process, which plays its role throughout the whole teaching and learning intertwinement. For this reason it is necessary to establish an educational process that examines the relation of any topic or human being activity, within an analysis of the importance or incidence on social life, as it is the pedagogical part and its political essence.