SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA PARA EL ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DE LA PESQUERÍA ARTESANAL ASENTADA EN LA PENÍNSULA DE ARAYA, ESTADO SUCRE – VENEZUELA

Se desarrolló un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) automatizado para el análisis espacial de las capturas, del esfuerzo pesquero, de la abundancia estimada de especies mediante el índice de Captura por Unidad de Esfuerzo (CPUE) y de su relación con algunos factores ambientales (profundidad, tipo de fondo y temperatura superficial del mar) de la esquería artesanal asentada en la península de Araya, Estado Sucre, República de Venezuela. Este programa automatizado, denominado SIGPAR, fue desarrollado utilizando el lenguaje Microsoft® Visual Basic 6 y la respectiva librería del software SIG Idrisi®, a cuyo menú principal fue agregado un nuevo módulo que facilita la interacción con los usuarios.Palabras claves: Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG); pesquería artesanal; Península de Araya, Venezuela.AbstractA Geographic Information System (GIS) application software was developed for the spatial analysis of fishing catches, the estimated abundance of species by the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) index, and its relationship with various environmental factors (depth, type of bottom, and surface temperature of the sea) of the artisanal fishery based in the Peninsula of Araya, State of Sucre, in Venezuela. This application, named SIGPAR, was developed using Microsoft® Visual Basic 6 and IDRISI®. A menu button was added to the GIS software IDRISI® for convenience of users.Key Words: Geographic Information System (GIS), Artisanal Fisheries, Araya, Venezuela.

Body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem due to physical appeareance in students of the faculty of medicine at the university of los andes (mérida, venezuela)

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate body image dissatisfaction in relation to low self-esteem due to physical appearance in students of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Los Andes in Mérida, Venezuela.  It was a non-experimental and correlational study.  The sample included 189 students (27% male and 73% female) with an average age of 19.58 ± 1.57 (men: 19.81 years of age ± 1.74 and women: 20.24 years of age ± 1.76).  Participants were intentionally selected from first-year courses of the Medicine, Nursing and Nutrition programs.  The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) (Cooper and Taylor, 1987) was the instrument used to measure body image dissatisfaction and Graffar’s modified method (Méndez and De Méndez, 1994) was applied to determine the participants’ socioeconomic status.  A descriptive analysis (frequency, percentages, mean) and an inferential analysis (one-way ANOVA) were applied to the data using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 9.0.  One of the most important findings in this study was the determination of a statistically significant relationship between dissatisfaction and body image and between low self-esteem and gender χ2 (2, N= 189) = 9.686, p=0.008.  Using ANOVA also helped determine that differences in the mean for dissatisfaction and low self-esteem levels with body image and gender are statistically significant, F= 11.236; p=0.008, F=10.23; p=0.002, respectively.  Conclusions: results obtained suggest a relationship between dissatisfaction and low self-esteem due to physical appearance. Consequently, subjects reject their body image because of a distorted or undistorted perception of their physical appearance, which can possibly affect self-esteem.  Moreover, it is observed that the students’ psychological health is more related to their satisfaction with their body-image than to the way their body image is perceived. Consequently, this group of participants must be analyzed regarding their self-esteem due to body image, as an expression in the institutional environment.  It is also important to emphasize that gender may be a risk factor concerning eating disorders.  We believe the foregoing because women showed higher dissatisfaction levels because of their physical appearance being conditioned by a higher dissatisfaction with their perceived body image, which is characterized by an overestimation of the physical dimension of their body image.

Software educativo para el aprendizaje creativo del curso “Embriología comparada”

Recibido 4 de abril de 2011 • Aceptado 26 de agosto de 2011 • Corregido 13 de octubre de 2011      El estudio del que da cuenta este artículo tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la necesidad de un software educativo sobre el proceso de segmentación en animales para promover el aprendizaje creativo de los estudiantes en el curso Embriología comparada, de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador en Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela. Se apoyó en una investigación de campo de naturaleza descriptiva, los sujetos en estudio fueron 32 estudiantes cursantes de la asignatura durante el lapso académico I-2009. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario en formato tipo Likert, el cual fue validado a través del juicio de expertos y su confiabilidad determinada con el Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Los datos fueron recolectados y posteriormente analizados mediante la estadística descriptiva, se construyeron tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes para la presentación de los mismos. Los resultados revelan que existe, entre los estudiantes de Embriología comparada, una muy alta necesidad de contar con un software educativo que permita su aprendizaje creativo, un recurso en formato electrónico adaptado a las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.