ANALYSE THE VULNERABILITY IN THE MARANHÃO ILHA, BRAZIL, USING GIS TECHNIQUES AND GEOSPATIAL INFERENCE

Vulnerability and sustainability studies of an area help to assess both its level of exposure and capacity to support possible environmental impacts, and it is of primordial importance for proposals of the Legislation on Zoning, Allotment, Land Use/land cover, aiming to stimulate those areas indicated for urban growth, to discourage growth of overcrowded areas, to detect sections with restrictive use, as well as districts for permanent protection. This paper aims to analyze the vulnerability in the Maranhão Ilha, using GIS techniques, geospatial inference intersected with relevant social-environmental indicators.Estudos de vulnerabilidade e de sustentabilidade de uma área ajudam a avaliar o seu grau de exposição e sua capacidade de suporte a possíveis impactos ambientais, sendo fundamental para propostas de Lei de Zoneamento, Parcelamento, Uso e Ocupação do Solo, tendo por finalidade orientar as áreas onde deverá haver estímulo para o crescimento urbano; contenção da malha urbana; detecção de locais com possibilidade de uso restritivo, bem como locais de proteção permanente. Este trabalho propõe analisar o índice de vulnerabilidade a perda de solo da Ilha do Maranhão com base na metodologia proposta por (CREPANI, et al. 2001) e em técnicas de inferência espacial com apoio na AHP (Análise Hierárquica de Processo).

INDICADORES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTO: SISTEMA ESPECIALISTA AMBIENTAL COMO INSTRUMENTO GESTÃO AMBIENTAL

This article aims to present the relation between the selected socio environmental indicators used to make the expert system environment (SEA) as tool for automate the process of viability consultation for implementation of new constructions, which tends to increase the agility of the public administration within the control of use and occupation of municipal land. The development of this tool is justified since the urban growth in most Brazilian cities has promoted sociospatial segregation, marginalization of the poor and degradation of natural environments. To elaborate the conceptual model of the SEA, the present study has selected socio environmental indicators and, also, has used parameters of environmental law and land use. For each indicator was determined a value that is measured by a checklist procedure and for the analysis of the legislation and crossed with the city’s basemap. Thus, it was made a connection between the characterizations of the environment versus the type of work in viability, resulting in a graph which allowed measuring the significant environmental impact. The implementation of the environmental modeling system encounters the instrumentalization of the municipal administration, which will feature modern land management tool.

RANKING DEL BIENESTAR SEGÚN CATEGORÍAS URBANAS EN LA ARGENTINA (2001)

Existe una estrecha relación entre bienestar y escala urbana. Considerando una combinación ponderada de indicadores socioeconómicos y ambientales tenemos que las Aglomeraciones de Tamaño Intermedio (ATIS) grandes (entre 400.000 y 999.999 habitantes) poseen el mayor nivel de bienestar, seguidas por las ATIS medias (entre 50.000 y 399.999). Las ciudades grandes (más de un millón de habitantes) recientemente se ubican en un tercer escalón. Cruzando la escala urbana y la región se evidencian mejor estas diferencias. La mejor conjunción corresponde a las ATIS medias patagónicas, mientras que la peor es la que reúne a las ATIS medias del Nordeste Argentino (NEA). Es decir que, más allá de la jerarquía urbana como factor de diferenciación, también deben considerarse los contextos regionales para intentar dimensionar más ajustadamente las diferencias del bienestar en Argentina. ABSTRACT A very close relationship exists between well-being and urban scale. If we consider a weighted combination of socioeconomic and environmental indicators, we find that bigger middle-sized cities (ATIS in Spanish) of between 400,000 and 1,000,000 inhabitants have the highest level of well-being, followed by middle ATIS, or cities, of 50,000 to 400,000 in population. The largest cities, those with a population of more than 1,000,000 ranked third. However, these differences are better evidenced by crossing urban scale and region. In other words, beyond urban hierarchy as a differentiation factor, the regional context must also be considered to more accurately gage differences in well-being.