La ocupación del espacio geográfico y el desarrollo de los sistemas de producción agrícola en el distrito de El General, Pérez Zeledón. Costa Rica (1850-1950)

ResumenEste trabajo aborda el proceso de desarrollo del frente de colonización agrícola en El General, Pérez Zeledón, entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX. Se analizan las características del espacio, así como los elementos constitutivos y las transformaciones que durante el período experimentaron las unidades y los sistemas de producción ubicados en dichos territorios. Junto a una revaloración de la complejidad agrícola presente en la región durante esta etapa, este artículo pone de manifiesto el papel de las políticas estatales en la ocupación y la vinculación de la zona sur al entorno económico nacional.AbstractThis work addresses the development process of the agricultural front in El General, Pérez Zeledón, that took place during the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Here, spatial characteristics are analyzed, as well as the components of the production units and systems in these territories and the transformations they experienced. Along with a revaluation of the agricultural complexity present in the region during this period, this article highlights the role of governmental policies pertaining to the settlement of the southern region and its connection with the national economic framework

School-time Extension: Are the School Structure’s Hard Components Modified? Literature Review on the Subject

For more than two decades we have witnessed in Latin America –in Argentina particularly– the development of policies to expand the school day. We understand that the implementation of such policies is an opportunity to observe the behavior of the school’s behavior faced with the attempt to modify one of its hardest components –school-time–; it becomes also a natural laboratory to analyze how much does the traditional organization of school-time can resist, how does it change and how do these changes (if implemented) impact the rest of the school components (spaces, groups, etc.). This paper shows the state of the art of the most significant studies in two research fields, in the context of primary education, on this matter: on the one hand, the studies related to organization and extension of school time and, on the other hand, research on the structural and structuring components of school-related aspects. The literature review indicates that studies on school-time and on the corresponding extension policies and programs do not report the difficulties found when trying to modify the hard components of the school system. Studies with the ‘school system’ as object of study have not approached the numerous school-time extension experiences, although time is one of the structural elements of the system.

PAISAGEM URBANA DE DUBAI: PRODUTO DE UMA GOVERNANÇA PARA O CONSUMO

A paisagem urbana materializa a vida social e seus significados, demonstra assim a visão de mundo da sociedade que a constrói. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a concretização de uma paisagem do consumo em Dubai, procurando decompor seus significados, linguagens e representações. A paisagem será abordada como produto de uma governança que tem como foco a expansão do consumo. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa consiste na observação sistemática de campo, descrição e interpretação da paisagem, analisando seus elementos constitutivos. Dubai pode ser considerada o exemplo mais contundente da paisagem do consumo e da cidade pós-moderna. Sua arquitetura revela o mundo do espetáculo e nessa dinâmica se concretiza a produção do espaço-mercadoria.