El papel del mar y de las costas en el Panamá pre-hispánico y del periodo del contacto: redes locales y relaciones externas

IntroducciónLa privilegiada situación geográfica de Panamá ha servido para otorgarle los epítetos turísticos de "puente del mundo" y "crisol de raza", perogrulladas, por cierto, que no obstante reflejan el hecho de que esta angosta franja de tierra representa la vía más corta que conecta a dos masas continentales y dos grandes océanos. Desde el cierre definitivo de una conexión marítima a través del istmo aproximadamente 3,5 millones de años atrás, Panamá ha desempeñado su lógica función de embudo para poblaciones de animales terrestres, dulceacuícolas y costeros, que emigraban del Norte de Sudamérica y viceversa.

Keys on the Formation and Human Development in Pedagogy

This paper is based on the experiences of the author, who has worked in the various levels of the Venezuelan educational system. This has been a very important platform to understand the ideas of education and human development within the Venezuelan institutionality in the educational field. The idea of education that we have, as teachers, should be rethought in order to consider the personal stories of those who share with us their time, interests and willingness: children, young people or adults, all with particular identities, differences and coincidences. The teachers, the schools and the State cannot consider an education for someone they do not know. In this sense, we provide some reflections resulting from our ethnographic work, based on the school life, interviews, class analysis, observations, and stories, among others. Our thoughts are classified as formation, hope, dialogue, attitude, and school life.